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1.
Tob Prev Cessat ; 5: 9, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32411874

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to ascertain how the anti-smoking legislation of 2005/2010 has affected the behavior of primary healthcare center (PHC) personnel (medical and nonmedical) with respect to their attitudes towards tobacco, its consumption and the legislative changes. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center descriptive study of a randomized conglomerate sample of PHC personnel from each Autonomous Community in Spain. The questionnaire covered tobacco consumption, and knowledge/attitudes towards smoking and legislation. The statistical analysis used SPSS software. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 2040 PHC employees (1578 women, 77.4%). Never smokers, ex-smokers, and smokers represented 46.7%, 37.8%, and 15.5% of the sample, respectively. Tobacco prevalence amongst physicians and nurses was 12.3%. Following the introduction of the antismoking legislation, a decrease in consumption was observed. Most of the participants considered that tobacco consumption affected health, was an addictive illness, and passive smoking had an impact on the health of non-smokers. Whilst 91.6% agreed with the current legislation, only 25% felt that it encouraged cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish primary healthcare professionals have a relatively low prevalence of smoking compared to the general population. It is necessary to implement more legislative measures to improve and maintain this outcome.

2.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig ; 103(9): 484-91, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21951119

ABSTRACT

Bochdalek hernias (BHs) are produced in the posterolateral area of the diaphragm. They are generally congenital, appearing in childhood, but are also detected in asymptomatic adult patients seeking medical attention for other reasons. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for the correct diagnosis of the hernia type and for its localization, facilitating its management and the choice of treatment. We describe three cases of Bochdalek hernia, two on the right side and one bilateral, which was larger on the right than left side. All of these hernias contained only omental fat. In one patient, the right kidney was adjacent to the diaphragmatic defect but remained within the abdomen. The patients showed no symptoms and were not surgically treated. Examination by multislice CT with the possibility of coronal and sagittal reconstruction should be considered the standard method for diagnosing this entity. MRI in T1 is highly valuable to evaluate fat-containing chest lesions. The incidental finding of BH in asymptomatic adults is increasing, thanks to the wider application of new imaging techniques.


Subject(s)
Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnosis , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital , Aged, 80 and over , Asymptomatic Diseases , Female , Humans , Incidental Findings , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 8(2): 1039-1050, jul.-dec. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-605060

ABSTRACT

Los niños y niñas de la calle y en la calle no sólo enfrentan problemas en la sociedad, sino también dentro de las instituciones que los controlan punitivamente. Los hoy llamados Centros de Internamiento han sido parte de diversas instancias gubernamentales, las cuales aplican a los niños y niñas programas educativos paliativos. Actualmente, los niños y niñas son llamados adolescentes para poder ser juzgados como sujetos adultos.El problema de los sujetos menores “delincuentes” no es problema de justicia, es un problema de educación; para tal fin debe hacerse cargo una institución educativa que tenga la infraestructura y los recursos pedagógicos paraatenderlos.


As meninos e meninas abandonados nas ruas não somente enfrentam os problemas na sociedade como também dentro das instituições que as controlam com castigos. Atualmente os chamados internatos, emdiferentes escalas públicas aplicam castigos sos meninos e meninas. Atualmente também as meninas e meninos são considerados adolescentes para poder serem julgados como adultos. O problema dos menores “delinquentes” não é um problema da justiça, é um problema da educação; para solucionar o problema se recomenda una instituição educativa com infraestructura e recursos pedagógicos adequados para atender-los.


Street children not only face problems in society, but also within the institutions that control punishes. The called Detention Centers have been part of various government bodies which apply only to children hospice programs for their training. Currently, children are called adolescents to be able to be tried as adults. The problem of “criminals” children is not justice problem is a problem of education, for such purpose should be charge the Secretariat of Public Education that has human infrastructure and educational resources to address them.


Subject(s)
Education , Homeless Youth , Mexico , Minors
4.
Lasers Med Sci ; 22(3): 137-42, 2007 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17216397

ABSTRACT

The hypothesis of this study was the fact that diode lasers can increase the fluoride uptake in dental structures. The main objectives were: (1) to evaluate the effect of diode laser-NaF varnish combination on binding fluoride to dental enamel in an in vitro model and (2) to analyse outer enamel surface changes produced by the laser energy. After NaF enamel varnish and laser irradiation at different levels of energy, specimen surfaces were examined by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of F(-) ion into the dental structure was quantitatively determined by using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Results showed that the laser treatment significantly increased the binding of fluoride to the enamel surface without damaging it. The amount of F(-) estimated was 37 +/- 7 mg/l to the power of 5 W and 58 +/- 12 mg/l to the power of 7 W. These increases were significantly greater than the ones achieved by conventional topical fluoridation. The results were analysed and compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests, and significant statistical differences were found. These suggest that the NaF varnish-diode laser combination may be a useful option for the effective fluoridation of teeth.


Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/metabolism , Dental Enamel/radiation effects , Fluorides/pharmacokinetics , Lasers, Semiconductor , Adult , Fluorides/analysis , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
5.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 13(1/2): 77-82, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-329934

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 51 pacientes con hallux-valgus, seleccionados para realizarles la técnica de Keller- Silver, se utilizó en todos los casos, como método de contención, el pistón de 5 orificios del fijador externo Ralca© y 2 alambres roscados L15, uno en la falange proximal y otro en el metatarsiano. Se analizaron los resultados en cuanto a grado de satisfacción, eliminación de la deformidad, dolor y limitación de los movimientos de las articulaciones metatarso-falángica. Se comparó con estudios previamente realizados. Se logró preservar la movilidad articular y la ausencia de cambios osteoartríticos interfalángicos


Subject(s)
External Fixators , Hallux Valgus , Prospective Studies
6.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 38(1): 182-5, 1999. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-16508

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 porciento, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 porciento. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /surgery , Cefazolin/administration & dosage , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Costs and Cost Analysis
7.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 37(3)sep.-dic. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-31967

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 por ciento, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 por ciento. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios(AU)


Subject(s)
Hip Fractures/surgery , Cefazolin/administration & dosage , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Antibiotic Prophylaxis
8.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 37(3): 182-185, sep.-dic. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628161

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 %, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 %. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios.


A prospective study of 96 patients operated on of hip fractures and who received perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted. Cefazolin was used in a unique dose of 1 g during anesthetic induction (30 minutes before the surgical procedure). The results were compared with those of another clinical and surgical hospital with similar characteristics to ours and where no perioperative prophylaxis was applied. Its infection rate was 36.8 % while ours was just 2 %.

9.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 65(6): 546-50, nov.-dic. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-167451

ABSTRACT

El hospital regional "Vicente Guerrero" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Acapulco, Guerrero, atiende población de una zona endémica para enfermedad de Chagas. Con objeto de conocer la incidencia de cardiopatía chagásica crónica (CCC) en la consulta de Cardiología, en el trienio 1987-1989, se aplicó un cuestionario a 8640 pacientes. Se eligieron 158 que tenían datos epidemiológicos compatibles con exposición potencial a vectores del Tripanosoma cruzi: 60 de éstos (38 por ciento) tuvieron cuadro clínico compatible con CCC y dos pruebas serológicas reconocieron anticuerpo específico contra T. cruzi. Además, el estudio radiológico sistemático del esófago y del colon reveló enfermedad mega en uno de cada 6 enfermos con CCC. Los resultados de la encuesta clínico-serológica muestran que en esta zona de México existe enfermedad de Chagas evolutiva hasta formas crónicas. Es imperativo un estudio multicéntrico, para conocer la magnitud de este grave riesgo a la salud, así como el informar a los prestadores de servicios médicos para cuando exista la sospecha diagnóstica en sujetos de procedencia rural con enfermedad cardiaca o digestiva de origen oscuro y se realicen estudios serológicos apropiados


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/epidemiology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Serology
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