Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description.

The maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, is the largest South American canid, with a natural distribution that stretches across Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The present study reports the case of a rescued specimen of maned wolf that underwent a rehabilitation process in Paraguay, starting in October 2020 with its rescue, and finalising in May 2021 with the reintroduction. Herein, we document findings regarding the general management, biometrics, feeding and environmental enrichment; chemical immobilisation and monitoring; haematology, blood biochemistry and specific serology-relevant pathogens; skin examination and bone marrow cytology; orthopaedic, ophthalmological and dental evaluation; abdominal and cardiac ultrasonography; radiology and copro-parasitology. Main findings include the feeding habits of the individual and enrichment opportunities. The animal weighed 7 kg on arrival, with an estimated age of 5 months, and 18 kg on reintroduction, with an estimated age of 1 year. The animal tested negative to serologic tests for Brucella canis, Dirofilaria, canine distemper, Toxoplasmosis and canine parvovirus. Leptospira testing showed antibodies against L. grippotyphosa on both samplings, L. wolffi and L. ictero on the first sampling, and L. pomona on the second sampling. Abdominal organs were examined and measured through ultrasound evaluation and kidneys showed no alterations. Echocardiography showed preserved mitral, tricuspid and aortic valve flows, but turbulent pulmonary valve flow. Copro-parasitology reported the presence of Lagochilascaris sp. and Balantidium sp. All the information gathered aided in diagnosing the health status of the individual, and the response to environmental enrichment helped assess the behaviour, which led to the suggestion of reintroducing the animal. These data constitute the first published health check of a maned wolf in Paraguay, which can contribute to the species' conservation in the country. The protocol presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing an action plan for the maned wolf in Paraguay.

Perceived access to general and mental healthcare in primary care in Colombia during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact both in general and mental healthcare, challenged the health systems worldwide, and affected their capacity to deliver essential health services. We aimed to describe perceived changes in ease of access to general and mental healthcare among patients with a diagnosis of depression and/or unhealthy alcohol use in Colombia. Methods: This study is embedded in the DIADA project, a multicenter implementation research study aimed at evaluating the integration of mental healthcare in primary care in Colombia. Between November 2020 and August 2021, we conducted a COVID-19 pandemic impact assessment in a cohort of participants with newly diagnosed depression and/or unhealthy alcohol use part of DIADA project. We assessed the ease of access and factors related to perceived ease of access to general or mental healthcare, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 836 participants completed the COVID-19 pandemic impact assessment. About 30% of participants considered their mental health to be worse during the pandemic and 84.3% perceived access to general healthcare to be worse during the pandemic. Most of participants (85.8%) were unable to assess access to mental health services, but a significant proportion considered it to be worse. Experiencing worse ease of access to general healthcare was more frequent among women, patients with diagnosis of depression, and patients with comorbidities. Experiencing worse ease of access to mental healthcare was more frequent among patients aged between 30 and 49.9 years, from socioeconomic status between 4 and 6, affiliated to the contributive social security regime, attending urban study sites, and those who perceived their mental health was worse during the pandemic. Discussion: Despite the overall perception of worse mental health during the pandemic, the use of mental healthcare was low compared to general healthcare. Ease of access was perceived to be worse compared to pre-pandemic. Ease of access and access were affected by geographical study site, socioeconomic status, age and gender. Our findings highlight the need for improved communication between patients and institutions, tailored strategies to adapt the healthcare provision to patients' characteristics, and continued efforts to strengthen the role of mental healthcare provision in primary care.

Treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report and review of the literature.

The role of various therapeutic approaches on the clinical improvement in patients with severe COVID-19 is being researched. Few published studies show positive outcomes after the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). However, additional clinical evidence is required to understand better the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in severe COVID-19 patients. Thereby, we report a case of a 57-year-old female with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who was included in clinical trial NCT04592705. Prompt treatment with TPE facilitated improved clinical-laboratory parameters and speedy recovery and prevented further deterioration of the condition or complications. Successful therapeutic strategies in our case suggest that TPE as a therapeutic option in critically ill COVID-19 patients could prevent the disease from worsening and reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and intensive supportive care in these patients.

Villaclareños de la salud en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba / Health representatives from Villaclara in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: la salud pública villaclareña tiene una rica historia que permite conocer destacados profesionales en las diferentes ramas de las ciencias médicas. La existencia de esas figuras durante el período colonial sentó las bases de un desarrollo científico en el territorio. Objetivo: reseñar las historias de vidas de las principales figuras de la medicina villaclareña que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba de 1890 y sus aportes a la salud pública del territorio. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico durante el año 2019, se emplearon métodos teóricos, sustentados en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: el análisis documental y entrevistas a informantes clave; se efectuó triangulación metodológica para arribar a consideraciones integradoras. Resultados: se identificaron importantes figuras de la medicina en Villa Clara que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora y Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril y Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez y López Silvero. Se confeccionaron sus historias de vida identificando sus principales aportes a la salud pública cubana, y su influencia en la sociedad villaclareña del siglo XIX. Conclusiones: Villa Clara tuvo una importante participación en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba en 1890. Los médicos que asistieron a ese evento dejaron un importante legado que debe ser conocido por las nuevas generaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: Villa Clara's public health has a rich history that allows us to meet prominent professionals in the different branches of medical sciences. The existence of these figures during the colonial period laid the foundations for scientific development in the territory. Objective: to review the life stories of the main figures of Villa Clara medicine who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890 and their contributions to the public health of the territory. Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out during 2019; theoretical methods were used, supported by the interaction of the historical and the logical and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical ones: documentary analysis and interviews with key informants; information was methodologically contrasted to arrive at integrative considerations. Results: important figures of medicine were identified in Villa Clara who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora and Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril and Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez and López Silvero. Their life histories were compiled identifying their main contributions to Cuban public health, and their influence on Villa Clara society in the 19th century. Conclusions: Villa Clara had an important participation in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890. The doctors who attended this event left an important legacy that should be known by the new generations.

Factores que influyen en la variabilidad de diarreas por parásitos. Policlínico 13 de Marzo. 2018-2019 / Factors that influence the variability of diarrhea due to parasites. Polyclinic March 13. 2018-2019 / Fatores que influenciam a variabilidade da diarreia por parasitas. Policlínica, 13 de março. 2018-2019

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico a la población que asistió al Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiologia de Bayamo, provincia Granma, con un total de 2725 pacientes en el periodo de mayo 2018 a mayo 2019. Conjuntamente estos estudios fueron tomados de hospitales, de brotes de escuelas y centros de trabajo correspondientes en su mayoría al área de salud de policlínico 13 de Marzo, etc. El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar el agente bacteriano y parasitario que ocasiona cuadros de disentería, deshidratación y diarrea con sangre, diarrea secretora, diarreas profusas, apareciendo en los resultados un 4 % correspondiente a las diarreas por shigella con 111 casos, el 3,7 % correspondiente a la vibrocholerae para 102 casos. Las diarreas por salmonella ocupan el 3,3% para un total de 91 casos. En el caso de la diarrea secretora y con sangre lo ocupo la E histolítica, la shigella ocasionando un 4% de las diarreas asintomáticas, con síntomas leves lo ocupó coccideas y dentro de ellas el crystoporidium en niños en el hospital infantil y círculos infantiles con edades entre 1 a 5 años para ocupar un 23, 5% de 50 casos aislados de coccideas y un 5 % encontrados de helmintos (oxiuros) en edad escolar. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo arribamos a conclusiones de las cuales se desprenden recomendaciones y sugerencias que se pondrán en práctica para mejorar el diagnóstico en las áreas de salud y así mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de la población.

ABSTRACT A coproparasitological study was carried out on the population that attended the Provincial Hygiene and Epidemiology Center of Bayamo, Granma province, with a total of 2725 patients in the period from May 2018 to May 2019. Together these studies were taken from hospitals, from outbreaks of schools and work centers corresponding mostly to the health area of ​​polyclinic 13 de Marzo, etc. The main objective of this study is to identify the bacterial and parasitic agent that causes symptoms of dysentery, dehydration and bloody diarrhea, secretory diarrhea, profuse diarrhea, with 4% corresponding to shigella diarrhea with 111 cases, 3, 7% corresponding to vibrocholerae for 102 cases. Salmonella diarrhea occupies 3.3% for a total of 91 cases. In the case of secretory and bloody diarrhea it was occupied by histolytic E, shigella causing 4% of asymptomatic diarrhea, with mild symptoms it was occupied by coccideas and within them the crystoporidium in children in the children's hospital and nursery schools with ages between 1 to 5 years to occupy 23.5% of 50 isolated cases of coccideas and 5% found of helminths (pinworms) in school age. With the development of this work we arrive at conclusions from which recommendations and suggestions emerge that will be put into practice to improve the diagnosis in the health areas and thus improve the health and quality of life of the population.

RESUMO Foi realizado um estudo coproparasitológico na população que frequentou o Centro Provincial de Higiene e Epidemiologia de Bayamo, província de Granma, com um total de 2.725 pacientes no período de maio de 2018 a maio de 2019. Juntos, esses estudos foram retirados de hospitais, a partir de surtos de escolas e centros de trabalho que correspondem maioritariamente à área da saúde da policlínica 13 de Marzo, etc. O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar o agente bacteriano e parasitário que causa sintomas de disenteria, desidratação e diarreia sanguinolenta, diarreia secretora, diarreia profusa, sendo 4% correspondendo a diarreia shigella com 111 casos, 3 , 7% correspondendo a vibrocoleras para 102 casos. A diarreia por Salmonella ocupa 3,3% num total de 91 casos. No caso da diarreia secretora e sanguinolenta era ocupada pelo histolítico E, shigella causando 4% das diarreias assintomáticas, com sintomas leves era ocupada por coccideas e dentro delas o cristoporidium em crianças do hospital infantil e creches com idades entre 1 a 5 anos para ocupar 23,5% dos 50 casos isolados de coccídeas e 5% encontrados de helmintos (oxiúros) em idade escolar. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho chegamos a conclusões das quais emergem recomendações e sugestões que serão colocadas em prática para melhorar o diagnóstico nas áreas da saúde e, assim, melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida da população.

Factores que influyen en la variabilidad de diarreas por parásitos. Policlínico 13 de Marzo. 2018-2019 / Factors that influence the variability of diarrhea due to parasites. Polyclinic March 13. 2018-2019

Se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico a la población que asistió al Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de Bayamo, provincia Granma, con un total de 2725 pacientes en el periodo de mayo 2018 a mayo 2019. Conjuntamente estos estudios fueron tomados de hospitales, de brotes de escuelas y centros de trabajo correspondientes en su mayoría al área de salud del Policlínico 13 de Marzo, etc. El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar el agente bacteriano y parasitario que ocasiona cuadros de disentería, deshidratación y diarrea con sangre, diarrea secretora, diarreas profusas, apareciendo en los resultados un 4 por ciento correspondiente a las diarreas por shigella con 111 casos, el 3,7 por ciento correspondiente a la vibrocholerae para 102 casos. Las diarreas por salmonella ocupan el 3,3 por ciento para un total de 91 casos. En el caso de la diarrea secretora y con sangre lo ocupo la E. histolítica, la shigella ocasionando un 4 por ciento de las diarreas asintomáticas, con síntomas leves lo ocupó coccideas y dentro de ellas el crystoporidium en niños en el hospital infantil y círculos infantiles con edades entre 1 a 5 años para ocupar un 23,5 por ciento de 50 casos aislados de coccideas y un 5 por ciento encontrados de helmintos (oxiuros) en edad escolar. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo arribamos a conclusiones de las cuales se desprenden recomendaciones y sugerencias que se pondrán en práctica para mejorar el diagnóstico en las áreas de salud y así mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de la población(AU)

A coproparasitological study was carried out on the population that attended the Provincial Hygiene and Epidemiology Center of Bayamo, Granma province, with a total of 2725 patients in the period from May 2018 to May 2019. Together these studies were taken from hospitals, from outbreaks of schools and work centers corresponding mostly to the health area of polyclinic 13 de Marzo, etc. The main objective of this study is to identify the bacterial and parasitic agent that causes symptoms of dysentery, dehydration and bloody diarrhea, secretory diarrhea, profuse diarrhea, with 4 percent corresponding to shigella diarrhea with 111 cases, 3,7 percent corresponding to vibrocholerae for 102 cases. Salmonella diarrhea occupies 3.3 percent for a total of 91 cases. In the case of secretory and bloody diarrhea it was occupied by histolytic E, shigella causing 4 percent of asymptomatic diarrhea, with mild symptoms it was occupied by coccideas and within them the crystoporidium in children in the children's hospital and nursery schools with ages between 1 to 5 years to occupy 23.5 percent of 50 isolated cases of coccideas and 5 percent found of helminths (pinworms) in school age. With the development of this work we arrive at conclusions from which recommendations and suggestions emerge that will be put into practice to improve the diagnosis in the health areas and thus improve the health and quality of life of the population(EU)

Médicos que incidieron en el conocimiento histórico y el arte villaclareños: una historia para contar / Doctors that influenced Villa Clara´s historical knowledge and art: a story to tell

RESUMEN Fundamento: la historia de la salud pública villaclareña registra numerosos médicos que se destacaron en su profesión y a la vez cultivaron diversas ramas de la cultura y el arte, por lo que ocupan espacios significativos en la sociedad. Objetivo: caracterizar algunos profesionales que ejercieron exitosamente como médicos e hicieron aportes a la historia y la cultura del territorio villaclareño en diferentes épocas del devenir histórico. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico durante el año 2018, se emplearon métodos teóricos que permitieron el análisis del objetivo de estudio, sustentado en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: el análisis documental y entrevistas a informantes clave; se efectuó triangulación metodológica para arribar a consideraciones integradoras. Resultados: se ofrecen en orden cronológico y abordan aspectos biográficos de Don Bartolomé Jacinto Dubois de la Rosa, Don José Surí Águila, José Rafael Tristá Valdés, José Cornide Rivera, Facundo Ramos, José Andrés Martínez Fortún y Foyo, Tomás Capote Pérez y Tomás Hernández, en los que se destacan su labor científico-médica y sus aportes al conocimiento histórico y las artes en Villa Clara. Conclusiones: estos profesionales, además de desarrollar su profesión con calidad y prestigio, también se destacaron en algunas ramas de la historia y la cultura general del territorio, dejaron un legado científico y cultural valioso que es preciso destacar y divulgar entre los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas villaclareñas.

ABSTRACT Background: Villa Clara's history of public health records numerous doctors who stood out in their profession, and at the same time cultivated various branches of culture and art, so they occupy significant spaces in society. Objective: to characterize some professionals who successfully practiced as doctors and made contributions to the history and culture of Villa Clara's territory at different times of the historical evolution. Methods: a historical documentary investigation was carried out during 2018, theoretical methods were used that allowed the analysis of the object of study, based on the historical-logical interaction and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical: documentary analysis and interviews to key informants; Methodological contrast of sources was carried out to arrive at integrative considerations. Results: biographical aspects of Don Bartolomé Jacinto Dubois de la Rosa, Don José Surí Águila, José Rafael Tristá Valdés, José Cornide Rivera, Facundo Ramos, José Andrés Martínez Fortún y Foyo, Tomás Capote Pérez and Tomás Hernández are offered in chronological order, in which their scientific-medical work and their contributions to historical knowledge and arts in Villa Clara stand out. Conclusions: these professionals, in addition to developing their profession with quality and prestige, they also stood out in some branches of the history and general culture of the territory, leaving a valuable scientific and cultural legacy that must be highlighted and disseminated among medical sciences students of Villa Clara.

Resultados de la terapia con ondas de choque extracorpórea de baja intensidad en pacientes con angina refractaria / Results of low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with refractory angina

RESUMEN Introducción: La terapia con ondas de choque extracorpórea de baja intensidad ha demostrado ser útil en el tratamiento de los pacientes con angina de pecho refractaria. Objetivo: Valorar los resultados de este tipo de terapia en pacientes con angina refractaria al tratamiento farmacológico. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en 30 pacientes con angina de pecho refractaria a tratamiento, seleccionados de forma no probabilística a partir de los criterios de inclusión. A todos los pacientes se les aplicó terapia con ondas de choque extracorpórea de baja intensidad en el Cardiocentro Ernesto Guevara de Santa Clara, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2017. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y ecocardiográficas al inicio del tratamiento y 6 meses después de concluido este. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una mejoría de la clase funcional (CF) de la Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS). Previo al tratamiento el 76,7% de los pacientes tenían una CF III y un 23,3% una CF IV, y a los 6 meses de concluida la terapia el 73,3% mejoró a la CF II y solo un 26,7% quedó en CF III. También se evidenció mejoría con respecto a parámetros ecocardiográficos como la motilidad regional y la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, la cual, en los hombres, de una media al inicio de la terapia de un 37,81% alcanzó 44,14% a los 6 meses de concluida; y en las mujeres, de una media de 37,11% inicial llegó a 47,22% a los 6 meses después. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con ondas de choque constituye una alterativa terapéutica para los pacientes con angina refractaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy has proven useful in the treatment of patients with refractory angina pectoris. Objective: To assess the results of this type of therapy in patients with refractory angina to drug treatment. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in 30 patients with refractory angina pectoris to treatment, selected in a non-probabilistic way, taking into account the following inclusion criteria. All patients were applied low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the Cardiocentro Ernesto Guevara of Santa Clara, in the period from January to December 2017. Epidemiological, clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed at the beginning of the treatment and six months after it was completed. Results: The results obtained demonstrated an improvement of the functional class (FC) of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS). Previous to treatment, 76.7% of patients had a FC III and 23.3% a FC IV, and after six months of completed therapy, 73.3% improved to FC II and only 26.7 % remained in FC III. There was also an improvement with respect to echocardiographic parameters such as regional motility and left ventricular ejection fraction, which, in men, of an average at the start of therapy of 37.81% it reached 44.14% at six months of completed; and in women, of an average of 37.11% initially, it reached 47.22 % six months later. Conclusions: The treatment with shock waves represents a therapeutic alternative for patients with refractory angina.

A cis-regulatory sequence from a short intergenic region gives rise to a strong microbe-associated molecular pattern-responsive synthetic promoter.

The high gene density in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves only relatively short intergenic regions for potential cis-regulatory sequences. To learn more about the regulation of genes harbouring only very short upstream intergenic regions, this study investigates a recently identified novel microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive cis-sequence located within the 101 bp long intergenic region upstream of the At1g13990 gene. It is shown that the cis-regulatory sequence is sufficient for MAMP-responsive reporter gene activity in the context of its native promoter. The 3' UTR of the upstream gene has a quantitative effect on gene expression. In context of a synthetic promoter, the cis-sequence is shown to achieve a strong increase in reporter gene activity as a monomer, dimer and tetramer. Mutation analysis of the cis-sequence determined the specific nucleotides required for gene expression activation. In transgenic A. thaliana the synthetic promoter harbouring a tetramer of the cis-sequence not only drives strong pathogen-responsive reporter gene expression but also shows a high background activity. The results of this study contribute to our understanding how genes with very short upstream intergenic regions are regulated and how these regions can serve as a source for MAMP-responsive cis-sequences for synthetic promoter design.

Envelhecimento ativo e apoio social entre homens participantes de um Centro de Convivência para Idosos / Active aging and social support among men participating in a Living Center for the elderly

O estudo levantou o perfil de treze homens integrantes de um Centro de Convivência para Idosos, visando a verificar suas estratégias pessoais e recursos sociais para uma velhice ativa. Os idosos, mediante entrevistas, revelaram engajamento em atividades físicas, instrumentais e intelectuais, mas baixa participação em programações culturais e recreativas. Houve evidências de apoio familiar e de poucas barreiras aos cuidados com a saúde. Conclui-se que homens idosos podem ser bons cuidadores da própria saúde.

The study raised the profiles of thirteen male members of a Living Center for Seniors in order to verify their personal strategies and social resources for an active old age. Through interviews, the elderly revealed engagement in physical, instrumental and intellectual activities, but low participation in cultural and recreational programs. There was evidence of family support and few barriers to health care. We conclude that elderly men can be good caretakers of their own health.

Envelhecimento ativo e apoio socialentre homens participantes de umCentro de Convivência para Idosos / Active aging and socialsupport among men participating in a LivingCenter for the elderly

O estudo levantou o perfil de treze homens integrantes de um Centro de Convivência para Idosos, visando a verificar suas estratégias pessoais e recursos sociais para uma velhice ativa. Os idosos, mediante entrevistas, revelaram engajamento em atividades físicas, instrumentais e intelectuais, mas baixa participação em programações culturais e recreativas. Houve evidências de apoio familiar e de poucas barreiras aos cuidados com a saúde. Conclui-se que homens idosos podem ser bons cuidadores da própria saúde.(AU)

The study raised the profiles of thirteen male members of a Living Center for Seniors in order to verify their personal strategies and social resources for an active old age. Through interviews, the elderly revealed engagement in physical, instrumental and intellectual activities, but low participation in cultural and recreational programs. There was evidence of family support and few barriers to health care. We conclude that elderly men can be good caretakers of their own health.(AU)

Hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud en Villa Clara

Los componentes de los estilos de vida saludables, la nutrición adecuada durante toda la vida y la prácticasistemática de actividad física, repercuten favorablemente en el desarrollo de una vida sana, productiva y de alta calidad, fundamentalmente con la prevención de muchas enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación. Se realizó un estudio de corte trasversal en la facultad de tecnología de la salud en las carreras de nutrición, rehabilitación en salud y administración y economía. Se utilizó un cuestionario estandarizado, autoadministrado y mediante la entrevista se recogieron: datos personales, hábitos alimentarios y frecuencia de consumo de alimento. El análisis de los resultados se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS. Los alimentos que se consumen con mayor frecuencia son: arroz, pan y los frijoles. La mayoría de los encuestados realiza una distribución adecuada de la alimentación, sin embargo esta es poco variada y probablemente insuficiente apesar de tener conocimientos sobre nutrición(AU)

Nanotechnology in corneal neovascularization therapy--a review.

Nanotechnology is an up-and-coming branch of science that studies and designs materials with at least one dimension sized from 1-100 nm. These nanomaterials have unique functions at the cellular, atomic, and molecular levels. The term "nanotechnology" was first coined in 1974. Since then, it has evolved dramatically and now consists of distinct and independent scientific fields. Nanotechnology is a highly studied topic of interest, as nanoparticles can be applied to various fields ranging from medicine and pharmacology, to chemistry and agriculture, to environmental science and consumer goods. The rapidly evolving field of nanomedicine incorporates nanotechnology with medical applications, seeking to give rise to new diagnostic means, treatments, and tools. Over the past two decades, numerous studies that underscore the successful fusion of nanotechnology with novel medical applications have emerged. This has given rise to promising new therapies for a variety of diseases, especially cancer. It is becoming abundantly clear that nanotechnology has found a place in the medical field by providing new and more efficient ways to deliver treatment. Ophthalmology can also stand to benefit significantly from the advances in nanotechnology research. As it relates to the eye, research in the nanomedicine field has been particularly focused on developing various treatments to prevent and/or reduce corneal neovascularization among other ophthalmologic disorders. This review article aims to provide an overview of corneal neovascularization, currently available treatments, and where nanotechnology comes into play.

Consumo de alcohol en estudiantesuniversitarios y personas con proceso de rehabilitación / Alcohol consumption among college students and people who have undergone a rehabilitation process / Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em estudantes universitários e pessoas com processo de reabilitação

El objetivo del presente estuidio fue contrastar las condiciones bajo las cuales se ha dado el consumo de alcohol entre estudiantes universitarios y personas que han formado parte de programas de rehabilitación pro el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Se realizó un estudio de tipo no experimental, transeccional descriptivo, en el cual se aplicó un instrumento denominado Coval, diseñado para este estudio con el debido proceso de validación por jueces. Se trabajó con un grupo de 36 sujetos, de los cuales 20 fueron estudiantes de cualquiera de los cuatro primeros semestres de universidades privadas de Bogotá, entre los 17 y los 21 años, y 16 fueron adultos entre los 24 y 32 años que hubieran estado en un programa de rehabilitación por consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Se encontraron similitudes, en cuanto al lugar y las personas con quiernes tomaban, donde la compañía de amigos y el consumo en casas y bares predomina. Igualmente, se encontró que la edad de inicio se ubica en los 15 años, en promedio, y que las bebidas consumidas con mayor frecuencia son la cerveza y los destilados. En cuanto a las diferencias encontradas, se vio que las personas que estuvieron en un proceseo de rehabilitación tenían antecedentes familiares de consumo en su amyoría, mientras que en los jóvenes no se encontraron datos de este tipo. También se halló que los índices altos en la frecuenica, la cantidad del consumo, las borracheras y las lagunas eran más frecuentes en los adultos con historia de rehabilitación que en los jóvenes, y que dichas condiciones se matuvieron en el tiempo...

The aim of this study was to compare the conditions under shich alcohol consumption takes place among college students and people who have been in rehabilitation programs for alcohol and other drugs. A nom-experimental, transectional descriptive study was conducted, applying an instrument called Coval, designed for this study with the due process of validation by judges. We worked with a group of 36 subjects, of whom 20 were freshmen and sophomores at private universities in Bogotá, between the ages of 17 and 21, and 16 were adults between 24 and 32 years of age who had been in a rehabilitation program for alcohol and other drugs. Similarities were found regarding the place and the people with whom they drank, with the company of friends and the consumption in households and bars being predominant in both groups. Likewise, we found the average age of onset to be 15, and the most frequently consumed beverages to be beer and spirits. As for the differences, it was found that most of those who entered a rehabilitation process had a family history of consumption, while for the young students there was no such data. It was also found that frequent and abundant consumption, as well as drunkenness and memory gaps, were more common in adults with a history of rehabilitation that in young people, and that those conditions were consitent over time...

O objetivo do presente estudo foi contrastar as condicóes sob as quais se tem dado o consumo de àlcool entre estudantes universitarios e pessoas que tenham sido parte de programas de reabilitacáo pelo consumo de àlcool e outras drogas. Realizouse um estudo de tipo nao experimental, transversal descritivo, no qual foi aplicado um instrumento denominado Covai, desenliado para este estudo com o devido processo de validacáo por juízes. Trabalhou-se com um grupo de 36 sujeitos, dos quais 20 eram estudantes de qualquer dos quatro primeiros semestres de universidades particulares de Bogotá, entre 17 e 21 anos, e 16 foram adultos entre 24 e 32 anos que estiveram em um programa de reabilitacáo pelo consumo de àlcool e outras drogas. Encontraram-se semelhancas, quanto ao lugar e as pessoas com que bebiam, onde a companhia de amigos e o consumo ñas casas e bares predominam. Da mesmaforma, encontrou-se que a idade de inicio é de 15 anos, em mèdia, e que as bebidas consumidas com maior frequència sào a cerveja e os destilados. Quanto às diferencas encontradas, observou-se que as pessoas que estiveram em um processo de reabilitacáo tinham antecedentes familiares de consumo em sua maioria, enquanto que nos jovens nao foram encontrados dados desse tipo. Também foi encontrado que os altos índices na frequència, quantidade do consumo, bebedeiras e os brancos eram mais frequentes nos adultos com historia de reabilitacáo que nos jovens, e quetais condicóes se mantiveram com o tempo...

O envelhecimento na perspectiva de homens idosos / Aging from the perspective of elderly men / El envejecimiento bajo la perspectiva de hombres ancianos

O envelhecimento bem-sucedido é um processo multidimensional, que envolve aspectos físicos, cognitivos, emocionais e sociais. O presente artigo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, objetivou investigar percepções de homens idosos quanto às limitações e aos ganhos vinculados ao envelhecimento e aos fatores de proteção da saúde na velhice. Treze homens com idades superiores a 60 anos e níveis diversos de escolaridade responderam a entrevistas semiestruturadas e o conteúdo de suas respostas foi submetido à análise qualitativa. Sete subcategorias emergiram do eixo temático “resultados do envelhecimento”, com destaque para as perdas físicas e os ganhos pessoais favorecidos pelo acúmulo de experiências. No eixo temático “saúde na velhice” foram categorizadas quatro medidas para melhoramento da saúde, com predomínio de respostas referentes à busca por serviços médicos e à adoção de estilo de vida saudável. Os participantes apresentaram uma visão biopsicossocial dos fatores relacionados ao envelhecer bem, embora com ênfase em aspectos biológicos.

A successful aging process is multidimensional and involves physical, cognitive, emotional and social factors. This exploratory and descriptive study investigated the perceptions of elderly men concerning limitations and gains related to the aging process and protective factors in old age. Thirteen men older than 60 years of age with varied levels of education participated in semi-structured interviews and their answers were submitted to qualitative analysis. Seven subcategories emerged from the thematic axis “results of aging”, with an emphasis on physical losses and personal gains favored by the accumulation of experiences. In the thematic axis “health in old age” four measures to improve health were categorized, with a predominance of answers related to the search of medical services and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. The participants presented a biopsychosocial perspective of factors related to aging well though with an emphasis on biological variables.

El envejecimiento exitoso es un proceso multidimensional que involucra a aspectos físicos, cognitivos, emocionales y sociales. Este trabajo, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, verificó percepciones de hombres ancianos respecto a limitaciones y beneficios vinculados al envejecimiento y a factores de protección de salud en la vejez. Trece hombres con edad superior a 60 años, de diferentes niveles de escolaridad, participaron de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, siendo el contenido de sus respuestas sometido al análisis cualitativo. Siete subcategorías surgieron del eje temático “resultados del envejecimiento”, dando énfasis a perdidas físicas y ganancias individuales favorecidas por experiencias acumuladas. En el eje temático “salud en la vejez”, fueron clasificadas cuatro medidas para el mejoramiento de la salud, con predominio de respuestas relativas a búsqueda por servicios médicos y adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Los participantes presentaron una visión biopsicosocial de los factores relacionados a envejecer bien aunque con énfasis en variables biológicas.

O envelhecimento na perspectiva de homens idosos / Aging from the perspective of elderly men / El envejecimiento bajo la perspectiva de hombres ancianos

O envelhecimento bem-sucedido é um processo multidimensional, que envolve aspectos físicos, cognitivos, emocionais e sociais. O presente artigo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, objetivou investigar percepções de homens idosos quanto às limitações e aos ganhos vinculados ao envelhecimento e aos fatores de proteção da saúde na velhice. Treze homens com idades superiores a 60 anos e níveis diversos de escolaridade responderam a entrevistas semiestruturadas e o conteúdo de suas respostas foi submetido à análise qualitativa. Sete subcategorias emergiram do eixo temático “resultados do envelhecimento”, com destaque para as perdas físicas e os ganhos pessoais favorecidos pelo acúmulo de experiências. No eixo temático “saúde na velhice” foram categorizadas quatro medidas para melhoramento da saúde, com predomínio de respostas referentes à busca por serviços médicos e à adoção de estilo de vida saudável. Os participantes apresentaram uma visão biopsicossocial dos fatores relacionados ao envelhecer bem, embora com ênfase em aspectos biológicos.(AU)

A successful aging process is multidimensional and involves physical, cognitive, emotional and social factors. This exploratory and descriptive study investigated the perceptions of elderly men concerning limitations and gains related to the aging process and protective factors in old age. Thirteen men older than 60 years of age with varied levels of education participated in semi-structured interviews and their answers were submitted to qualitative analysis. Seven subcategories emerged from the thematic axis “results of aging”, with an emphasis on physical losses and personal gains favored by the accumulation of experiences. In the thematic axis “health in old age” four measures to improve health were categorized, with a predominance of answers related to the search of medical services and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. The participants presented a biopsychosocial perspective of factors related to aging well though with an emphasis on biological variables.(AU)

El envejecimiento exitoso es un proceso multidimensional que involucra a aspectos físicos, cognitivos, emocionales y sociales. Este trabajo, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, verificó percepciones de hombres ancianos respecto a limitaciones y beneficios vinculados al envejecimiento y a factores de protección de salud en la vejez. Trece hombres con edad superior a 60 años, de diferentes niveles de escolaridad, participaron de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, siendo el contenido de sus respuestas sometido al análisis cualitativo. Siete subcategorías surgieron del eje temático “resultados del envejecimiento”, dando énfasis a perdidas físicas y ganancias individuales favorecidas por experiencias acumuladas. En el eje temático “salud en la vejez”, fueron clasificadas cuatro medidas para el mejoramiento de la salud, con predominio de respuestas relativas a búsqueda por servicios médicos y adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Los participantes presentaron una visión biopsicosocial de los factores relacionados a envejecer bien aunque con énfasis en variables biológicas.(AU)

Osteoporosis vs. longevidad / Osteoporosis vs. longevity

En este trabajo se aborda la importancia de alcanzar una longevidad satisfactoria, partiendo del concepto de que para ello es necesario tener calidad de vida, lo que implica que el adulto mayor tenga la posibilidad de mantener una vida activa e independiente. En los adultos mayores existen múltiples patologías que afectan esto, entre ellas la osteoporosis por ser factor predisponente en las fracturas y, por tanto, las consecuencias a que conllevan éstas en esta etapa de la vida. La osteoporosis constituye un problema en el campo de la salud mundial y de magnitud epidémica más aún cuando la supervivencia de la humanidad tiende al aumento. Se señala la importancia de su prevención, así como maneras o formas de actuar sobre la misma para modificar modos y estilos de vida en la comunidad...(AU)

In this work we summon up the importance of reaching a satisfactory longevity, beginning with the conception that for that it is necessary to have life quality, implying that old people has the possibility of maintaining an active, independent life. Old people suffer many diseases affecting this, osteoporosis among them, because it is a fact predisposing to fractures and, therefore, the consequences they lead to in this life stage. The osteoporosis is a health problem around the world, having an epidemic magnitude, especially when people survival increases. We point at the importance of its prevention, and also at ways and forms of acting to modify styles and ways of life in the community...(AU)

El desempeño tutelar en el perfil de Nutrición y Dietética referido a la disciplina de Higiene de los Alimentos / Tutorial performance and traing on the nutrition and dietetics profile concernina the discipline food hygiene

Se aplicó una prueba diagnostica a los tutores del perfil de nutrición y dietética en la facultad de tecnología de la salud, 7 de estos tutores cursaron su segundo año de tecnología de la salud, 2 son técnicos en alimento y 11 son técnicos en dietética. Para la confección de la prueba diagnóstica se tuvo en cuenta las actividades en la educación en el trabajo que se vinculan con esta disciplina y los contenidos que reciben los estudiantes en su primer año. El objetivo general de este trabajo es diagnosticar los conocimientos básicos sobre la disciplina que tienen los tutores para identificar las mayores dificultades, diseñar un curso de superación y confeccionar un material de apoyo. Se analizaron los programas de formación y superación de los tutores teniendo ventajas significativas los que cursaron el segundo año de la tecnología de la salud. Aplicando la dinámica de grupo y realizando trabajo en equipo se diseño un post grado de Higiene de los Alimentos que incluye los temas básicos de esta disciplina que permitirá a los tutores perfeccionar la labor docente en la enseñanza tutelar. El folleto confeccionado deviene en obligado material de consulta tanto para cursistas del post grado como para alumnos del perfil de Nutrición y Dietética(AU)

Congruencia, Vigencia y Pertinencia de los contenidos Programa de Higiene de los Alimentos I / Congruence, validity and pertinence of the contents in the

El desarrollo científico técnico actual le plantea a las ciencias médicas el reto de perfeccionar constantemente sus planes de estudio y programas de las asignaturas para que respondan a las exigencias de la sociedad y de esta forma garantizar una mayor pertinencia del Proceso Docente Educativo en nuestros CEMS. En el presente trabajo se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la congruencia, vigencia y pertinencia de los contenidos del programa de Higiene de los Alimentos I que se imparte en el Perfil de Nutrición y Dietética de la carrera Licenciatura en Tecnología de la Salud, concluyendo que los mismos son congruentes y pertinentes ya que permiten egresar el profesional que demanda nuestra sociedad, capaz de resolver los problemas higiénicos y nutricionales que se presentes en su radio de acción. Sin embargo se señala un marcado enciclopedismo en los dos primeros temas que se imparten en la asignatura, lo cual limita la pertinencia de los contenidos del programa. Se aborda además, de forma general la insuficiente preparación pedagógica de los profesores y cómo éstos necesariamente deben convertir la evaluación curricular en una herramienta de trabajo para perfeccionar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje(AU)