ABSTRACT
During and after the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the use of personal care products and disinfectants increased in universities worldwide. Among these, quaternary ammonium-based products stand out; these compounds and their intermediates caused substantial changes in the chemical composition of the wastewater produced by these institutions. For this reason, improvements and environmentally sustainable biological alternatives were introduced in the existing treatment systems so that these institutions could continue their research and teaching activities. For this reason, the objective of this study was to develop an improved culture medium to cultivate ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) to increase the biomass and use them in the treatment of wastewater produced in a faculty of sciences in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. A Plackett Burman Experimental Design (PBED) and growth curves served for oligotrophic culture medium, and production conditions improved for the AOB. Finally, these bacteria were used with total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) for wastewater treatment in a pilot plant. Modification of base ammonium broth and culture conditions (6607 mg L-1 of (NH4)2SO4, 84 mg L-1 CaCO3, 40 mg L-1 MgSO4·7H2O, 40 mg L-1 CaCl2·2H2O and 200 mg L-1 KH2PO4, 10% (w/v) inoculum, no copper addition, pH 7.0 ± 0.2, 200 r.p.m., 30 days) favoured the growth of Nitrosomonas europea, Nitrosococcus oceani, and Nitrosospira multiformis with values of 8.23 ± 1.9, 7.56 ± 0.7 and 4.2 ± 0.4 Log10 CFU mL-1, respectively. NO2- production was 0.396 ± 0.0264, 0.247 ± 0.013 and 0.185 ± 0.003 mg L-1 for Nitrosomonas europea, Nitrosococcus oceani and Nitrosospira multiformis. After the 5-day wastewater treatment (WW) by co-inoculating the three studied bacteria in the wastewater (with their self-microorganisms), the concentrations of AOB and THB were 5.92 and 9.3 Log10 CFU mL-1, respectively. These values were related to the oxidative decrease of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), (39.5 mg L-1), Ammonium ion (NH4+), (6.5 mg L-1) Nitrite (NO2-), (2.0 mg L-1) and Nitrate (NO3-), (1.5 mg L-1), respectively in the five days of treatment. It was concluded, with the improvement of a culture medium and production conditions for three AOB through biotechnological strategies at the laboratory scale, being a promising alternative to bio-augment of the biomass of the studied bacteria under controlled conditions that allow the aerobic removal of COD and nitrogen cycle intermediates present in the studied wastewater. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03961-4.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The present study aimed to obtain the cross-culturally-adapted Chilean version of the voice activity and participation profile - VAPP. METHODS: The process began a with translation of the original English version of the VAPP instrument into Spanish, carried out by two bilingual speech-language pathologists (SLP), followed by a back-translation from a third SLP who was unbiased by the previous stages. A committee of 5 SLP with experience in the area of voice compared the original version, the back translation, and the translated version, seeking divergences and discrepancies between the three versions. A consensus was reached, and they renamed the protocol "Perfil de Participación y Actividad Vocal (PPAV-CL)", with 28 questions which were answered using a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100 millimeters in length. In the process of making the cross-cultural equivalence, the protocol was applied to 24 subjects with voice disorders. For each question, the option of "Not applicable" was added to the answer choices for identification of the questions not comprehended or not appropriate for the target population. None of the subjects under assessment had difficulty answering the questions, therefore it was unnecessary to modify the translation of any of them. The final version of the PPAV-CL shows the appropriate characteristics to be understood. RESULTS: The PPAV-CL instrument reflects the original English version in the number of questions and items. CONCLUSION: a cultural equivalence of the VAPP to Chilean Spanish was achieved. The validation of the PPAV-CL is currently underway.
OBJETIVO: Obtener la equivalencia cultural de la versión chilena del Protocolo VAPP, por medio de su adaptación cultural y lingüística. MÉTODO: El proceso se inicia con la traducción del instrumento original del VAPP realizada por dos Fonoaudiólogos bilingües. Seguido de una retro traducción al inglés por una tercera Fonoaudióloga quien no presenta sesgos de etapas previas. Un comité conformado por 5 Fonoaudiólogos con experiencia en el área de la voz comparó la versión original, retro traducida y traducida, buscando divergencias y discrepancias entre las tres versiones. Llegando a un consenso, el protocolo se tituló "Perfil de Participación y Actividad Vocal (PPAV-CL)", con 28 preguntas, las cuales son consignadas con escala analógica visual (EAV) de 100 milímetros de largo. Durante el proceso de equivalencia cultural, se aplicó el protocolo a 28 sujetos con trastornos de voz. En cada pregunta, se adicionó la opción "No aplicable" como respuesta, con el objetivo de identificar preguntas incomprendidas o inadecuadas del grupo albo. Ninguno de los sujetos evaluados tuvo dificultad en responder las preguntas, por lo cual no fue necesario modificar la traducción de ninguna de ellas. La versión final del protocolo PPAV-CL presenta las características adecuadas en su comprensión. RESULTADOS: El instrumento PPAV-CL refleja la versión original en inglés, en número de preguntas e ítems. CONCLUSION: Se logró equivalencia cultural de VAPP para el español chileno (PPAV-CL). La validación del PPAV-CL está actualmente en curso.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Voice , Chile , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , TranslationsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Obtener la equivalencia cultural de la versión chilena del Protocolo VAPP, por medio de su adaptación cultural y lingüística. Método El proceso se inicia con la traducción del instrumento original del VAPP realizada por dos Fonoaudiólogos bilingües. Seguido de una retro traducción al inglés por una tercera Fonoaudióloga quien no presenta sesgos de etapas previas. Un comité conformado por 5 Fonoaudiólogos con experiencia en el área de la voz comparó la versión original, retro traducida y traducida, buscando divergencias y discrepancias entre las tres versiones. Llegando a un consenso, el protocolo se tituló "Perfil de Participación y Actividad Vocal (PPAV-CL)", con 28 preguntas, las cuales son consignadas con escala analógica visual (EAV) de 100 milímetros de largo. Durante el proceso de equivalencia cultural, se aplicó el protocolo a 28 sujetos con trastornos de voz. En cada pregunta, se adicionó la opción "No aplicable" como respuesta, con el objetivo de identificar preguntas incomprendidas o inadecuadas del grupo albo. Ninguno de los sujetos evaluados tuvo dificultad en responder las preguntas, por lo cual no fue necesario modificar la traducción de ninguna de ellas. La versión final del protocolo PPAV-CL presenta las características adecuadas en su comprensión. Resultados El instrumento PPAV-CL refleja la versión original en inglés, en número de preguntas e ítems. Conclusion Se logró equivalencia cultural de VAPP para el español chileno (PPAV-CL). La validación del PPAV-CL está actualmente en curso.
ABSTRACT Purpose The present study aimed to obtain the cross-culturally-adapted Chilean version of the voice activity and participation profile - VAPP. Methods The process began a with translation of the original English version of the VAPP instrument into Spanish, carried out by two bilingual speech-language pathologists (SLP), followed by a back-translation from a third SLP who was unbiased by the previous stages. A committee of 5 SLP with experience in the area of voice compared the original version, the back translation, and the translated version, seeking divergences and discrepancies between the three versions. A consensus was reached, and they renamed the protocol "Perfil de Participación y Actividad Vocal (PPAV-CL)", with 28 questions which were answered using a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100 millimeters in length. In the process of making the cross-cultural equivalence, the protocol was applied to 24 subjects with voice disorders. For each question, the option of "Not applicable" was added to the answer choices for identification of the questions not comprehended or not appropriate for the target population. None of the subjects under assessment had difficulty answering the questions, therefore it was unnecessary to modify the translation of any of them. The final version of the PPAV-CL shows the appropriate characteristics to be understood. Results The PPAV-CL instrument reflects the original English version in the number of questions and items. Conclusion a cultural equivalence of the VAPP to Chilean Spanish was achieved. The validation of the PPAV-CL is currently underway.
Subject(s)
Humans , Voice , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Translations , Chile , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To achieve a cross-cultural equivalence of the Chilean version of the V-RQOL protocol, through its cultural and linguistic adaptation. METHODS: First, two bilingual speech therapists made a translation of the V-RQOL into Spanish. Second, a back-translation to English was performed by a speech therapist who did not participate in the previous stages. Then, a comparison between the original and the back-translation versions of the test was conducted. The existing discrepancies were modified by a committee of five speech therapists, translating the name of the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) instrument into Spanish as Medición de la Calidad de Vida en Relación a la Voz (MCV-RV), with 10 questions and 5 possible answers for each. In order to analyze cultural equivalence, the protocol was applied to 15 individuals with voice disorders. For each question, a 'Not applicable' option was added to the possible answers to determine which questions were not clearly understood by the individuals being tested. Two of the assessed individuals had difficulties in answering a distinct question, though only one of these two questions was modified. The final version of MCV-RV protocol was applied to five individuals with voice disorders who had no difficulty understanding the questions properly. RESULTS: The MCV-RV reflects the original English version, both in the number and types of questions (including physical functioning and the social-emotional aspects). CONCLUSION: A cross-cultural equivalence of the V-RQOL was achieved, thereby creating an adapted Chilean-Spanish version (MCV-RV). The validation of the MCV-RV protocol for Chilean Spanish is currently in progress.
OBJETIVO: Lograr la equivalencia cultural de la versión Chilena del Protocolo V-RQOL, a través de su adaptación cultural y lingüística. MÉTODO: Primero, dos Fonoaudiólogos bilingües realizaron una traducción de V-RQOL al español. En segundo lugar, una Fonoaudióloga que no participó en las etapas previas, realizó una retrotraducción al inglés. Luego, se efectuó una comparación entre la versión original y la versión retrotraducida. Las discrepancias fueron modificadas por un comité de cinco Fonoaudiólogos, traduciendo el nombre al español como "Medición de la Calidad de Vida en Relación a la Voz" (MCV-RV) ", con 10 preguntas y 5 opciones de respuesta. Para la equivalencia cultural, se aplicó el protocolo a 15 personas con trastornos de voz. Para cada pregunta, se agregó la opción "No aplicable" entre las alternativas de respuesta con el fin de identificar preguntas incomprendidas o inapropiadas por la población. Dos de los sujetos evaluados tuvieron dificultad para responder dos preguntas diferentes, así que fue modificada solo una de ellas. La versión final del protocolo MCV-RV se aplicó a cinco personas con patología vocal, sin dificultades para comprender las preguntas adecuadamente. RESULTADOS: La MCV-RV refleja la versión original en inglés, tanto en número como en tipos de preguntas (incluido el funcionamiento físico y aspectos socioemocionales). CONCLUSIONES: Existe adaptación cultural de V-RQOL para el español Chileno (MCV-RV). La validación del MCV-RV para el español de Chile está actualmente en curso.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Voice Disorders/diagnosis , Adolescent , Chile , Humans , Language , Translating , Voice Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo Lograr la equivalencia cultural de la versión Chilena del Protocolo V-RQOL, a través de su adaptación cultural y lingüística. Método Primero, dos Fonoaudiólogos bilingües realizaron una traducción de V-RQOL al español. En segundo lugar, una Fonoaudióloga que no participó en las etapas previas, realizó una retrotraducción al inglés. Luego, se efectuó una comparación entre la versión original y la versión retrotraducida. Las discrepancias fueron modificadas por un comité de cinco Fonoaudiólogos, traduciendo el nombre al español como "Medición de la Calidad de Vida en Relación a la Voz" (MCV-RV) ", con 10 preguntas y 5 opciones de respuesta. Para la equivalencia cultural, se aplicó el protocolo a 15 personas con trastornos de voz. Para cada pregunta, se agregó la opción "No aplicable" entre las alternativas de respuesta con el fin de identificar preguntas incomprendidas o inapropiadas por la población. Dos de los sujetos evaluados tuvieron dificultad para responder dos preguntas diferentes, así que fue modificada solo una de ellas. La versión final del protocolo MCV-RV se aplicó a cinco personas con patología vocal, sin dificultades para comprender las preguntas adecuadamente. Resultados La MCV-RV refleja la versión original en inglés, tanto en número como en tipos de preguntas (incluido el funcionamiento físico y aspectos socioemocionales). Conclusiones Existe adaptación cultural de V-RQOL para el español Chileno (MCV-RV). La validación del MCV-RV para el español de Chile está actualmente en curso.
ABSTRACT Purpose To achieve a cross-cultural equivalence of the Chilean version of the V-RQOL protocol, through its cultural and linguistic adaptation. Methods First, two bilingual speech therapists made a translation of the V-RQOL into Spanish. Second, a back-translation to English was performed by a speech therapist who did not participate in the previous stages. Then, a comparison between the original and the back-translation versions of the test was conducted. The existing discrepancies were modified by a committee of five speech therapists, translating the name of the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) instrument into Spanish as Medición de la Calidad de Vida en Relación a la Voz (MCV-RV), with 10 questions and 5 possible answers for each. In order to analyze cultural equivalence, the protocol was applied to 15 individuals with voice disorders. For each question, a 'Not applicable' option was added to the possible answers to determine which questions were not clearly understood by the individuals being tested. Two of the assessed individuals had difficulties in answering a distinct question, though only one of these two questions was modified. The final version of MCV-RV protocol was applied to five individuals with voice disorders who had no difficulty understanding the questions properly. Results The MCV-RV reflects the original English version, both in the number and types of questions (including physical functioning and the social-emotional aspects). Conclusion A cross-cultural equivalence of the V-RQOL was achieved, thereby creating an adapted Chilean-Spanish version (MCV-RV). The validation of the MCV-RV protocol for Chilean Spanish is currently in progress.
