Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
World Allergy Organ J ; 6(1): 22, 2013 Dec 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24377382

ABSTRACT

Airways chronic inflammatory conditions in asthma and COPD are characterized by tissue remodeling, being smooth muscle hyperplasia, the most important feature. Non-neuronal and neuronal Acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors (MAChRs) has been postulated as determinant of tissue remodeling in asthma and COPD by promoting proliferation and phenotypic changes of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). The objective was to evaluate proliferative responses to muscarinic agonist as carbamylcholine (Cch) and to identify the MAchR subtype involved. ASMC were isolated from tracheal fragments of Sprague-Dawley rats by enzymatic digestion. Proliferation assays were performed by MTS-PMS method. Viability was confirmed by trypan blue exclusion method. Mitogens as, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased ASMC proliferation (p < 0.05, n = 5). Cch alone increased ASMC proliferation at 24 and 48 hrs. However, combination of Cch with other mitogens exhibited a dual effect, synergistic proliferation effect in the presence of EGF (5 ng/mL) and 5% FBS and inhibiting the proliferation induced by 10% FBS, EGF (10 ng/mL) and TNF-α (10 ng/mL). To determine the MAChR subtype involved in these biological responses, a titration curve of selective muscarinic antagonists were performed. The Cch stimulatory and inhibitory effects on ASCM proliferation was blocked by AF-DX-116 (M2AChR selective antagonist), in greater proportion than 4-DAMP (M3AChR selective antagonist), suggesting that the modulation of muscarinic agonist-induced proliferation is M2AChR mediated responses. Thus, M2AChR can activate multiple signal transduction systems and mediate both effects on ASMC proliferation depending on the plethora and variable airway microenvironments existing in asthma and COPD.

2.
Toxicon ; 59(1): 117-23, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22085992

ABSTRACT

Scorpion envenomation is a public health problem in Venezuela, mainly produced by Tityus discrepans (TD) and Tityus zulianus (TZ). Accidents by these two species differ clinically. Thus, TZ envenomation is associated with high mortality in children due to cardiopulmonary disorders, as a result of, excessive amounts of plasma catecholamines (Epinephrine) release from adrenal medulla, probably via the voltage-gated sodium-channel activated by specific scorpion toxins. This Epi release is, in part responsible, for some of the envenomation clinical consequences, resembling those described for patients presenting catecholamine-releasing tumors (pheochromocytoma). In this work, BALB/c mice and rat pheochromocytoma-derived PC12 cells were used to provide in vivo and in vitro models, respectively, on which the basis for the TZ-mediated catecholamine release mechanism could be elucidated. In mice, TZ venom increased, at 1h post-injection, the Epi plasma levels in 4000%, which remained elevated for 24h. A significant rise in plasma levels of the catecholamine catabolite 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Glycol (MHPG) was also observed. In [(3)H]dopamine-loaded PC12 cells, TZ venom potentiated the carbamylcholine (CC)-mediated release of [(3)H]dopamine, as shown by the leftward shift in the CC-dose-response curves. Moreover, TZ venom also displayed the maximal [(3)H]dopamine releasing activity compared to TD venom, with significant reduction of the EC50 for CC. The nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium induced a significant inhibition of the [(3)H]dopamine release produced by CC in PC12 cells but the TZ-elicited release of [(3)H]dopamine was 70% hexamethonium-insensitive, suggesting unidentified TZ toxins affecting other regulatory mechanisms of catecholamine secretion.


Subject(s)
Catecholamines/metabolism , Scorpion Venoms/toxicity , Scorpions , Animals , Dopamine/metabolism , Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol/blood , Mice , Models, Biological , PC12 Cells , Rats , Snake Bites/physiopathology
3.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 31(4): 72-79, 2012. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-699601

ABSTRACT

Muscarinic activation of bovine tracheal smooth muscle (BTSM) leading to smooth muscle contraction involves the generation of two cGMP signals (20 and 60 s), being 20s peak associated with soluble (sGC) and the second (60s) to membrane-bound Natriuretic Peptide- receptor-Guanylylcy clases (NPR-GC). In this study, we showed that pre-incubation of isolated BTSM strips with mastoparan and superactive mastoparan (mastoparan 7) decreased significantly the muscarinic dependent contractile smooth muscle responses in dose-dependent and non-competitive manner. Moreover, mastoparan (50 nM) inhibited completely the BTSM-muscarinic contractile responses and affected dramatically the carbachol-dependent cGMP signals being the first cGMP signal inhibited in a 63 ± 5%, whereas the second signal disappeared. Mastoparan inhibition of muscarinic activation is specific since other spasmogens as serotonin and histamine fully contracted these BTSM strips under mastoparan treatment. Cyclic GMP levels were evaluated by exposing BTSM strips to activators of NO-sensitive sGC as Sodium Nitroprussiate (SNP) and Natriuretic Peptides as CNP-53 for membrane-bound NPR-GC. Thus, SNP and CNP increased in a binary way, in more than 20 fold cGMP levels at 30-40 s being both increments inhibited by mastoparan. Furthermore, the Gi/o-protein involvement on mastoparan inhibition of cGMP elevations induced by CNP and SNP is suggested by Pertussis toxin pre-treatment, which reversed mastoparan effects. These results indicate that muscarinic signal transduction cascades leading to airway smooth muscle contractions involved two different guanylyl cyclases being both regulated by mastoparan-sensitive G-proteins. ANP, Natriuretic Peptide type A; ASM, Airway Smooth Muscle; BTSM, Bovine Tracheal Smooth Muscle; CNP-53, Natriuretic Peptide type C-53; GPCR, G-Protein Coupled Receptor; Gq16, Heterotrimeric G protein subtype 16; Gi/o, Heterotrimeric G protein subtype...


La activación muscarínica del músculo liso de las vías aéreasrelacionada a la contracción de dicho músculo liso esta asociada a la generación de dos señales de GMPc (20 y 60 s), siendo la señal de los 20s relacionado a la activación de la guanililciclasa soluble mientras que el pico de los 60s a la guanililciclasa unida membranas y sensible a péptidos natriuréticos (NPR-GC). En este trabajo, nosotros mostramos que la pre-incubación de fragmentos del músculo liso traqueal de bovino (BTSM) con mastoparan y su análogo superactivo (mastoparan 7), en una forma dosis dependiente, son capaces de disminuir de manera significativa la actividad contráctil dependiente de agentes muscarinicos. Adicionalmente, mastoparan (50 nM) inhibió completamente la respuesta contráctil muscarinica del BTSM y afectó dramáticamente los picos de GMPc asociados a la activación muscarinica siendola primera señal inhibida en un 63 ± 5%, mientras que la segunda señal desapareció completamente. Esta inhibición del mastoparan de la activación muscarínica es especifica ya que otros espamogenos como la serotonina y la histamina fueron capaces de inducir respuestas máximas en presencia del mastoparan y su análogos. Este efecto del mastoparan sobre los niveles del GMPc fue evaluado en presencia de otros agentes generadores de este segundo mensajero como son el nitroprusiato de sodio (SNP) que activa la guanililciclasa soluble sensible a NO y los péptidos natriureticos como el CNP-53 (CNP) activador de la NPR-GC asociada a membranas plasmáticas. Tanto, el SNP como el CNP aumentaronen mas de 50 veces los niveles de GMPc a los 30-40 s en forma bifasica, siendo estos incrementos inhibidos de manera significativa por el mastoparan. Ademas, se sugiere la participación de proteínas Gi/o en los efectos inhibitoriosdel mastoparan, porque la Toxina pertussis revertió los efectos inhibitorios. Estos resultados indican que la cascada de activación muscarinica que conduce...


Subject(s)
Animals , Carbachol/therapeutic use , Guanylate Cyclase/therapeutic use , Muscle, Smooth , Natriuretic Peptides/therapeutic use
4.
World Allergy Organ J ; 3(12): 271-6, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23282985

ABSTRACT

Airway remodeling plays an important role in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Muscarinic agonists such as carbamylcholine increased cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels in bovine tracheal smooth muscle strips, via stimulation of NO-sensitive soluble guanylylcyclase (NO-sGC), which is an enzyme highly expressed in the lungs. cGMP production, by activation of a NO-sGC, may contribute to airway smooth muscle relaxation. To determine whether the bronchoconstriction observed in asthma is accompanied by changes in this NO-sGC activity, we used a well-established murine model, ovalbumin-airway smooth muscle cells (OVA-ASMCs) of allergic asthma to evaluate such hypothesis. Histologic studies of trachea specimens showed the existence of inflammation, hyperplasia and tissue remodeling in OVA-ASMCs. Interestingly, cultured OVA-ASMCs showed lower GC basal activity than CONTROL-ASMCs. Also, we found that both OVA-ASMCs and CONTROL cells exposed to carbamylcholine and sodium nitroprusside and combinations of both drugs increased cGMP levels, which were inhibited by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-] quinoxalin-1-one. All the experimental evidence suggests that NO-sGC activity is reduced in isolated ASMCss from experimental asthma murine model.

5.
J Recept Signal Transduct Res ; 27(2-3): 189-216, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17613728

ABSTRACT

Muscarinic activation of tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) involves a M(3)AChR/heterotrimeric-G protein/NPR-GC coupling mechanism. G protein activators Mastoparan (MAS) and Mastoparan-7 stimulated 4- and 10-fold the NPR-GC respectively, being insensitive to PTX and antibodies against Galpha(i/o) subfamily. Muscarinic and MAS stimulation of NPR-GC was blocked by antibodies against C-terminal of Galpha(q16), whose expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. However, synthetic peptides from C-terminal of Galpha(q15/16) stimulated the NPR-GC. Coupling of alpha(q16) to M(3)AChR is supported by MAS decreased [(3)H]QNB binding, being abolished after M(3)AChR-4-DAMP-alkylation. Anti-i(3)M(3)AChR antibodies blocked the muscarinic activation of NPR-GC, and synthetic peptide from i(3)M(3)AChR (M(3)P) was more potent than MAS increasing GTPgamma [(35)S] and decreasing the [(3)H]QNB activities. Coupling between NPR-GC and Galpha(q16) was evaluated by using trypsin-solubilized-fraction from TSM membranes, which displayed a MAS-sensitive-NPR-GC activity, being immunoprecipitated with anti-Galpha(q16), also showing an immunoreactive heterotrimeric-G-beta-subunit. These data support the existence of a novel transducing cascade, involving Galpha(q16)beta gamma coupling M(3)AChR to NPR-GC.


Subject(s)
GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism , Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism , Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism , Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Cattle , Chromatography, Affinity , Cytoplasm/drug effects , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/antagonists & inhibitors , Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology , Guanylate Cyclase/isolation & purification , Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Molecular Sequence Data , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism , Peptides/chemistry , Peptides/pharmacology , Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects , Receptor, Muscarinic M2/metabolism , Receptor, Muscarinic M3/antagonists & inhibitors , Solubility/drug effects , Trypsin/metabolism , Wasp Venoms/chemistry , Wasp Venoms/pharmacology
6.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 68(4): 651-8, 2004 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15276072

ABSTRACT

In bovine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) strips, muscarinic antagonists (atropine, 4-DAMP, AFDX-116 and methoctramine) were able to increase simultaneously and a similar fashion the intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, with a cAMP/cGMP ratio higher than 2.0. These original pharmacological responses were time-and dose-dependent, exhibiting maximal values at 15 min, with a pEC(50) of 7.4 +/- 0.2 for atropine and 4-DAMP. These effects on cAMP and cGMP levels were similar to the ones obtained with isobutyl-methylxantine (IBMX, 10 microM), a non-selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of PDEs in these muscarinic antagonist responses. Neither, rolipram (10 microM), a specific PDEIV inhibitor, nor zaprinast (10 microM), a PDEV inhibitor, exhibited this "atropine-like" responses. Instead, atropine enhanced the increments of cAMP levels induced by rolipram and cGMP levels by zaprinast. However, vinpocetine (20 microM), a non-calmodulin dependent PDEIC inhibitor was able to mimic these muscarinic antagonist responses in intact smooth muscle strips. In addition, in cell free systems, muscarinic antagonists inhibited the membrane-bound PDEIC activity whereas soluble (cytosol) PDEIC activity was not affected by these muscarinic drugs. These results indicate that muscarinic antagonists acting possibly as inverse agonists on M(2)/M(3)mAChRs anchored to sarcolemma membranes can initiate a new signal transducing cascade leading to the PDEIC inhibition, which produced a simultaneous rise in both cAMP and cGMP intracellular levels in tracheal smooth muscle.


Subject(s)
Cyclic GMP/metabolism , Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism , Animals , Atropine/pharmacology , Cattle , Cell-Free System , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Muscle, Smooth/enzymology , Muscle, Smooth/metabolism , Purinones/pharmacology , Rolipram/pharmacology , Trachea/cytology , Vinca Alkaloids/pharmacology
7.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 23(2): 166-171, 2004. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419069

ABSTRACT

En el músculo liso traqueal, los antagonistas muscarínicos (atropina) incrementan simultáneamente los niveles basales de los nucleóticos cíclicos (AMPc, GMPc), dependiendo del tiempo y dosis con máximo a 15 min y pEC50 7.4 mas o menos 0.2. El IBMX (10 µM), inhibidor no selectivo de PDEs, induce una respuesta similar. Sin embargo, la atropina potencial los incrementos del AMPc inducidos por 10 µM Rolipram (inhibidor PDE-IV) y los del GMPc producidos por µM Zaprinast (inhibidor PDE-V), sugiriendo la inhibición de una PDE que hidrolice ambos nucleótidos. La Vinpocetina (20 µM), inhibidor de PDE-Ic no dependiente de Calmodulina, produjo una respuesta semejante al antagonista muscarínic. Además, la atropia inhibió la PDE-Ic de las membranas celulares y no afectó la PDE-I cistosólca. Los antagonistas muscarínicos actúan como "agonistas inversos" sobre los m2/m3 AChR del sarcolema, iniciando una novedosa cascada que inhibe la PDE-Ic, provocando el incremento simultáneo del AMPc y GMPc en este tejido


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Muscarinic Antagonists/administration & dosage , Muscarinic Antagonists/analysis , Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology , Atropine , Cell Membrane , Cyclic GMP/biosynthesis , Muscle, Smooth/injuries , Nucleotides, Cyclic/antagonists & inhibitors , Sarcolemma , Pharmacology , Therapeutics , Venezuela
8.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 23(supl.1): 30-3, 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-294279

ABSTRACT

Las guanililciclasas (GCs) son enzimas reponsables de la formación del GMP cíclico a partir del GTP. En las células de mamíferos hay 2 sistemas implicados en la síntesis del GMPc. Así, una GC soluble de naturaleza hemoproteica, es el receptor intracelular al óxido nítrico (NO) vinculado a la formación de GMPc que participa en la relajación del músculo liso vascular. Un segundo grupo esta integrado por las GC asociadas a membranas, que pueden ser clasificadas como 1.-GC activadas por el Ca²+.2.- Las GC sensibles a péptidos natriuréticos (NP-GCs) GC-A,B y C. 3.- Las GC asociadas a receptores "huerfanos" (GC-D,E,F,G) 4.- Las GC acopladas proteínas G. Este último tipo de GC es el motivo de esta revisión. Nuestros resultados demostraron por primera vez que existe una GC acoplada a proteínas G en una fracción de menbrana plasmática del músculo liso de las vías aéreas. Esta enzima es activada por agonistas muscarínicos requeriendo NaCI para dicha activación. Esta activación muscarínica es mediada a través de un receptor muscarínico M3 mAChR acoplado a una proteína G insensible a toxina pertussis (PTX) denominada GA. Aún mas, una inhibición muscarínica fue también observada y es por un receptor M2 AChR acoplado a una proteína G sensible a PTX del tipo Gi/o. Recientemente hemos encontrado que la GC acoplada a proteínas G es una isoforma de la NP-GC-B, lo cual sugiere un estrecha comunicación de la cascada de señalización de los receptores muscarínicos y la GC estimulada por CNP. Estos resultados originales arrojaran nuevas ideas sobre el papel del músculo liso de las vías aéreas en la fisiopatología del asma broquial


Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction , Cyclic GMP , Guanylate Cyclase , Muscle, Smooth , Medicine , Venezuela
9.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 17(2): 73-80, 1998. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-251801

ABSTRACT

La interacción del alergeno con su lg-E específica anclada en la superficie externa de la membrana plasmática del mastocito desencadena la liberación de histamina de dicha célula. Este proceso requiere la presencia de calcio extracelular y de energía bajo la forma de ATP proveniente fundamentalmente de glicólisis donde el lactato es el producto final. La heterogeneidad de los mastocitos ha sido previamente descrita en diversos tejidos de diferentes especies animales. Así, esta línea celular tumoral en ratones LAF1 mostró propiedades similares a las descritas para los mastocitos presentes en la cavidad peritoneal de la rata. Las respuestas metabólicas relacionadas a la secreción de histamina también fueron estudiadas en esta línea de mastocinoma, que exhibieron un comportamiento diferente dependiendo del secretagogo utilizado. En este sentido, una fuerte estimulación de la glicólisis fue observada la presencia de Concanavalina-A en comparación con la estimulación inducida por el A-23187 y el compuesto 48/80. En este modelo experimental se logró establecer relaciones entre la liberación de histamina con el consumo de glucosa, la produción de lactato y la carga adenílica bajo la forma de ATP


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases , Allergens/analysis , Allergens/chemistry , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Glucose/metabolism , Histamine/chemistry , Mast Cells/metabolism , Rats/anatomy & histology , Concanavalin A/analysis , Concanavalin A/metabolism , Lactates , Venezuela
10.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 14(1): 18-24, 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-217616

ABSTRACT

La activación de receptores muscarínicos del músculo de las vías aéreas provoca la generación de varios segundos mensajeros (AMPc e GMPc e IP3). La activación del receptor muscarínico M3 producida por el carbacol induce a incrementos significativos en los segundos mensajes antes mencionados. Después de la adición de carbacol, una cinética diferente fue encontrada para estos segundos mensajeros. El IP3 mostró un primer pico (10 seg), el cual precede el inicio de la contracción muscular lisa. Además, un segundo pico de este segundo mensaje de inositol fue detectado a los 60 segundos. Con respecto a los nucleótidos ciclicos, el AMPc mostró un solo pico a los 20 segundos y el GMPc mostró la existencia de dos picos. Así, este último nucleótico mostró un primer pico a los 20 segundos, el cual coincide con el pico de AMPc y un segundo pico a los 60 segundos, después que la contracción muscular lisa se estabilizó. El último pico parece ser sensible a los atrapadores de grupos NO como es el azul de metileno, sugiriendo a la guanililciclasa soluble como la enzima responsable de este segundo pico. Adicionalmente; el KCL es capaz de inducir la contracción del músculo liso que parece ser diferente en varios aspectos a la activación muscarínica del músculo liso de las vías aéreas


Subject(s)
Animals , Cholinergic Agents/adverse effects , Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology , Muscle Contraction/physiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...