The Regular Consumption of Nuts Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older People from the North of Spain.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to relate the adherence to nut consumption (30 g) three or more days per week to the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population from the north of Spain. METHODS: The study consists of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted in 556 non-institutionalised individuals between 65 and 79 years of age. To define the consumption recommendation of nuts the indication of the questionnaire MEDAS-14 was followed. The diagnosis of MetS was conducted using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. RESULTS: In 264 subjects aged 71.9 (SD: ±4.2) years old, 39% of whom were men, the adherence to nut consumption recommendations was 40.2%. Of these individuals, 79.5% had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MetS was 40.2%, being 47.6% in men and 35.4% in women (p < 0.05). A nut consumption lower than recommended was associated with a 19% higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (Prevalence Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03-1.37; p < 0.05) and a 61% higher prevalence of MetS (Prevalence Ratio: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16-2.25; p = 0.005) compared to a consumption of ≥3 servings per week. CONCLUSION: An inverse relationship was established between nut consumption and the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Adherencia a la guía de alimentación saludable de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC) (2018) en personas mayores no institucionalizadas de Santander, España / Adherence to the healthy eating guide issued by the Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC) (2018) among non-institutionalized elderly in Santander, Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN: el envejecimiento de la población española se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas; en Santander, el 24,73 % de la población son personas mayores. La adherencia a las recomendaciones de una alimentación saludable en este colectivo se ha relacionado con un mejor estado de salud y calidad de vida. OBJETIVOS: evaluar el grado de adherencia a las recomendaciones de la Guía de Alimentación Saludable para Atención Primaria y Colectivos Ciudadanos de la SENC (2018) en un grupo de población de entre 65 y 79 años de edad, no institucionalizada, del municipio de Santander (España). MÉTODOS: este fue un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Participaron 317 individuos de 71,8 (±4,1) años, correspondientes a tres Centros de Atención Primaria (CAP) del Servicio Cántabro de Salud (SCS). Se cumplimentó un cuestionario de elaboración propia, extraído de las recomendaciones de la Guía de la SENC (2018). Se analizó la relación entre dos variables cualitativas independientes mediante la prueba del chi cuadrado, considerando significativo un valor p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: la adherencia a las recomendaciones de alimentos de consumo diario fue: agua (23 %), cereales y patatas (12,9 %), frutas (50,2 %), verduras y hortalizas (16,7 %), aceite de oliva (61,8 %) y lácteos (39,1 %). En los alimentos de consumo semanal fue: pescado (12 %), carnes blancas (17 %), huevos (19,9 %), legumbres (75,1 %) y frutos secos (36,9 %). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados obtenidos muestran una baja adherencia a las recomendaciones de la SENC, excepto en las legumbres. Por este motivo se precisa incidir en este grupo de población para mejorar sus hábitos dietéticos

INTRODUCTION: the aging of the Spanish population has increased in the last decades; in Santander, 24,73 % of the population are elderly people. Adherence to the recommendations for a healthy diet in this group has been associated with improved health status and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: to assess the degree of adherence to the recommendations issued by the Healthy Eating Guide for Primary Care and Citizen Groups of the SENC (2018) in a non-institutionalized population sample between 65 and 79 years of age in the municipality of Santander (Spain). METHODS: this was a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. A total of 317 individuals aged 71.8 (± 4.1) years, attending three Primary Care Centers (CAP) of the Cantabrian Health Service (SCS), participated. A self-developed questionnaire was extracted from the 2018 SENC Guide recommendations. The relationship between two independent qualitative variables was analyzed using the chi-squared test, considering significant a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: adherence to the recommendations in foods for daily consumption was: water (23 %), cereals and potatoes (12,9 %), fruits (50,2 %), vegetables (16,7 %), olive oil (61,8 %) and dairy products (39,1 %). For weekly-consumption foods it was: fish (12 %), white meats (17 %), eggs (19,9 %), legumes (75,1 %) and nuts (36,9 %). CONCLUSIONS: the results obtained show a low adherence to SENC recommendations except for legumes. For this reason, it is necessary to influence this population group in order to improve their dietary habits

[Adherence to the healthy eating guide issued by the Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC) (2018) among non-institutionalized elderly in Santander, Spain]. / Adherencia a la guía de alimentación saludable de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC) (2018) en personas mayores no institucionalizadas de Santander, España.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the aging of S panish population has increased in the last decades; in Santander, 24,73 % of the population are elderly people. Adherence to the recommendations for a healthy diet in this group has been associated with improved health status and quality of life. Objectives: to assess the degree of adherence to the recommendations issued by the Healthy Eating Guide for Primary Care and Citizen Groups of the SENC (2018) in a non-institutionalized population sample between 65 and 79 years of age in the municipality of Santander (Spain). Methods: this was a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. A total of 317 individuals aged 71.8 (± 4.1) years, attending three Primary Care Centers (CAP) of the Cantabrian Health Service (SCS), participated. A self-developed questionnaire was extracted from the 2018 SENC Guide recommendations. The relationship between two independent qualitative variables was analyzed using the chi-squared test, considering significant a p-value < 0.05. Results: adherence to the recommendations in foods for daily consumption was: water (23 %), cereals and potatoes (12,9 %), fruits (50,2 %), vegetables (16,7 %), olive oil (61,8 %) and dairy products (39,1 %). For weekly-consumption foods it was: fish (12 %), white meats (17 %), eggs (19,9 %), legumes (75,1 %) and nuts (36,9 %). Conclusions: the results obtained show a low adherence to SENC recommendations except for legumes. For this reason, it is necessary to influence this population group in order to improve their dietary habits.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el envejecimiento de la población española se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas; en Santander, el 24,73 % de la población son personas mayores. La adherencia a las recomendaciones de una alimentación saludable en este colectivo se ha relacionado con un mejor estado de salud y calidad de vida. Objetivos: evaluar el grado de adherencia a las recomendaciones de la Guía de Alimentación Saludable para Atención Primaria y Colectivos Ciudadanos de la SENC (2018) en un grupo de población de entre 65 y 79 años de edad, no institucionalizada, del municipio de Santander (España). Métodos: este fue un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Participaron 317 individuos de 71,8 ( 4,1) años, correspondientes a tres Centros de Atención Primaria (CAP) del Servicio Cántabro de Salud (SCS). Se cumplimentó un cuestionario de elaboración propia, extraído de las recomendaciones de la Guía de la SENC (2018). Se analizó la relación entre dos variables cualitativas independientes mediante la prueba del chi cuadrado, considerando significativo un valor p < 0,05. Resultados: la adherencia a las recomendaciones de alimentos de consumo diario fue: agua (23 %), cereales y patatas (12,9 %), frutas (50,2 %), verduras y hortalizas (16,7 %), aceite de oliva (61,8 %) y lácteos (39,1 %). En los alimentos de consumo semanal fue: pescado (12 %), carnes blancas (17 %), huevos (19,9 %), legumbres (75,1 %) y frutos secos (36,9 %). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran una baja adherencia a las recomendaciones de la SENC, excepto en las legumbres. Por este motivo se precisa incidir en este grupo de población para mejorar sus hábitos dietéticos.

Modification of appetite by bread consumption: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

The inclusion of different ingredients or the use of different baking technologies may modify the satiety response to bread, and aid in the control of food intake. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic search of randomized clinical trials on the effect of bread consumption on appetite ratings in humans. The search equation was ("Bread"[MeSH]) AND ("Satiation"[MeSH] OR "Satiety response"[MeSH]), and the filter "clinical trials." As a result of this procedure, 37 publications were selected. The satiety response was considered as the primary outcome. The studies were classified as follows: breads differing in their flour composition, breads differing in ingredients other than flours, breads with added organic acids, or breads made using different baking technologies. In addition, we have revised the data related to the influence of bread on glycemic index, insulinemic index and postprandial gastrointestinal hormones responses. The inclusion of appropriate ingredients such as fiber, proteins, legumes, seaweeds and acids into breads and the use of specific technologies may result in the development of healthier breads that increase satiety and satiation, which may aid in the control of weight gain and benefit postprandial glycemia. However, more well-designed randomized control trials are required to reach final conclusions.

Changes in Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Fragile Adults over Fifty Years of Age and in Elderly People Exclusively Fed Enteral Nutrition.

We aim to evaluate whether exclusive feeding of an enteral formula enriched with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) affects oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system and may improve the levels of some relevant inflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers in frail adults over fifty years of age and in elderly subjects. Fifty-five patients were divided into two groups and were exclusively fed a newly designed normoproteic and isocaloric enteral formula enriched with eicosapentaenoic (98 mg/d) and docosahexaenoic acids (46 mg/d) (n = 26) or a reference enteral diet (n = 29). Oxidative, inflammatory and cardiovascular risk biomarkers and red blood cell fatty acid profiles were determined at the beginning and after 90 and 180 days of feeding. The n-3 LC-PUFA percentage tended to be higher (P = 0.053) in the experimental group than in the reference group. Administration of the n-3 LC-PUFA diet did not increase oxidative stress or modify plasma antioxidant capacity but decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities. MMP-9 plasma concentration decreased with both formulae, whereas tPAI-1 tended to decrease (P = 0.116) with the administration of the experimental formula. In conclusion, administration of the new n-3 LC-PUFA-enriched product for 6 months did not negatively alter the oxidative status and improved some cardiovascular risk biomarkers.

Glycemic responses, appetite ratings and gastrointestinal hormone responses of most common breads consumed in Spain. A randomized control trial in healthy humans.

The present study was carried out to determine the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), insulinemic index (InI), appetite ratings and postprandial plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones related to the control of food intake after the ingestion of the five most common breads consumed in Spain with different compositions and manufacturing processes. Twenty-two healthy adults participated in a randomized crossover study. The breads tested were Ordinary, Precooked-Frozen, Candeal-flour, Alfacar whites and Wholemeal. All breads portions were calculated to supply 50 g of available carbohydrates. In addition, 50 g of glucose was used as a reference. A linear mixed-effects model was used to compare data calculated for all breads with glucose load. The GI value varied from 61 for the Wholemeal, to Alfacar 68, Ordinary 76, and 78 and 86 for the Precooked-Frozen and Candeal-flour breads, respectively. Wholemeal and Alfacar had lower GI than glucose. All tested breads had a lower GL (ranged 9 to 18) compared with glucose. Wholemeal GL was similar to Alfacar, but lower than the other white breads. InI were significantly lower for all breads (ranged 68 to 73) compared with glucose, and similar among them. The intake of the Wholemeal bread led to a higher release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide compared with the Ordinary and Precooked breads and to a higher release of pancreatic polypeptide compared with the Precooked-Frozen bread. All breads affected appetite ratings similarly. In conclusion, based on GL, the Wholemeal bread would be expected to exert a favorable glycemic response.

An enriched, cereal-based bread affects appetite ratings and glycemic, insulinemic, and gastrointestinal hormone responses in healthy adults in a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Bread can contribute to the regulation of appetite. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the appetite ratings and postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone responses related to hunger and satiety after the intake of a cereal-based bread. METHODS: A randomized, controlled crossover trial was conducted in 30 healthy adults (17 men and 13 women) aged 19-32 y with body mass index of 19.2-28.5. Each volunteer consumed the cereal-based bread and the control bread 2 times, with a 1-wk wash-out period, over a total of 4 sessions. The cereal-based bread contained a variety of cereal flours (wheat, oat, and spelt) and consisted of 22% dried fruits (figs, apricots, raisins, and prunes). It was also enriched with both fiber (7% from wheat cross-linked maltodextrins and pea) and protein (10-11% from wheat gluten and hydrolyzed wheat proteins). The control bread consisted of white bread with margarine and jam to control for energy density, fat, and sugar content. We measured appetite ratings using standardized visual analogue scales and glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone responses over a postprandial time of 4 h after the ingestion of each bread. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare the areas under the curve (AUCs) for different variables. RESULTS: Consuming the cereal-based bread decreased prospective consumption more than consumption of the control bread (-5.3 ± 0.6 m · min and -4.4 ± 0.6 m · min, respectively; P = 0.02) and increased satiety more (6.2 ± 0.7 m · min and 5.2 ± 0.6 m · min, respectively; P = 0.04), although subsequent ad libitum energy intake 4 h later did not differ. Postprandial blood glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide AUCs were lower after the ingestion of the cereal-based bread, whereas the pancreatic polypeptide AUC was higher than with the control bread (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of the cereal-based bread contributed to appetite control by reducing hunger and enhancing satiety. In addition, consumption of this bread improved glycemic, insulinemic, and gastrointestinal hormone responses in healthy adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02090049.

Fitoestrógenos y sus efectos sobre la osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica / Phytoestrogens and their effects on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Los fitoestrógenos son sustancias de origen vegetal con efecto estrogénico débil, de inhibición enzimática y antioxidante. Desde un punto de vista clínico, se han barajado como una alternativa de tratamiento en la mujer menopáusica y sus síntomas asociados. Teniendo en cuenta que los estrógenos son los principales responsables del mantenimiento de la masa ósea en la mujer, inhibiendo la resorción ósea a través de su interacción con los osteoblastos, la reducción de sus niveles durante la menopausia constituirá un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica. En este sentido, cabe plantearse si la terapia con fitoestrógenos constituye o no una herramienta terapéutica por su potencial efecto estrogénico en la prevención de la osteoporosis posmenopáusica. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido proporcionar una revisión amplia y precisa acerca de la evidencia científica existente por el momento en torno al papel de los fitoestrógenos en la prevención de la osteoporosis en la mujer posmenopáusica y sus implicaciones en la clínica (AU)

Phytoestrogens are plant substances with a weak estrogenic effect, an enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity. The possibility of using them for menopause associated symptoms has been entertained. Given that estrogens are primarily responsible for maintaining bone mass in women by inhibiting bone resorption through their interaction with osteoblasts, reducing estrogen levels during menopause constitutes a risk factor for developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In view of this, the question arises as to whether phytoestrogens, due to their potential estrogenic effect, constitute or not a therapeutic tool in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive, accurate review on the available scientific evidence regarding the role of phytoestrogens in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and its implications in clinical practice (AU)