ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies have described a high comorbidity of substance use disorders with another psychiatric disorder, which has been called dual pathology. However, the aetiological mechanisms underlying this association are still not fully understood. AIM: To carry out a preliminary study of the effect of polymorphism rs1051730 of the gene group CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 through a case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 225 subjects were selected and divided into three groups: those diagnosed with bipolar disorder, those with nicotine dependence, and subjects without nicotine dependence or any other psychiatric disorder. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genetic association analysis was performed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: On comparing allelic frequencies with the control group, we found that polymorphism rs1051730 was associated with nicotine dependence (p = 0.03), but not with bipolar disorder (p = 0.94). CONCLUSION: Variant rs1051730 was associated with nicotine dependence in the Mexican population and showed the same effect in dual pathology. However, further studies are recommended to obtain conclusive results.
TITLE: Analisis del polimorfismo rs1051730 de CHRNA3 en pacientes con patologia dual en poblacion mexicana.Introduccion. Estudios epidemiologicos han descrito una alta comorbilidad de los trastornos de uso de sustancias con otro trastorno psiquiatrico, al cual se le ha llamado patologia dual. Sin embargo, los mecanismos etiologicos de esta asociacion continuan siendo dificiles de entender. Objetivo. Realizar un estudio preliminar del efecto del polimorfismo rs1051730 del grupo de genes CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 a traves de un estudio de casos y controles. Sujetos y metodos. Se selecciono a un total de 225 sujetos, divididos en tres grupos: con diagnostico de trastorno bipolar, con dependencia a la nicotina y sujetos sin dependencia a la nicotina o cualquier otro trastorno psiquiatrico. La genotipificacion se realizo mediante reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. El analisis de asociacion genetica se realizo mediante pruebas de chi cuadrado y regresiones logisticas multivariables. Resultados. Al comparar las frecuencias alelicas con el grupo control, encontramos que el polimorfismo rs1051730 se asocio con el grupo de dependencia a la nicotina (p = 0,03), pero no con el de trastorno bipolar (p = 0,94). Conclusion. La variante rs1051730 se asocio con dependencia a la nicotina en la poblacion mexicana y mostro el mismo efecto en la patologia dual. Sin embargo, se recomiendan estudios adicionales para tener resultados concluyentes.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Tobacco Use Disorder/genetics , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Tobacco Use Disorder/diagnosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
Amebiasis is one of the twenty major causes of disease in Mexico; however, the diagnosis is difficult due to limitations of conventional microscopy-based techniques. In this study, we analyzed stool samples using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to differentiate between Entamoeba histolytica (pathogenic) and E. dispar (non-pathogenic). The target for the PCR amplification was a small region (228 bp) of the adh112 gene selected to increase the sensitivity of the test. The study involved 62 stool samples that were collected from individuals with complaints of gastrointestinal discomfort. Of the 62 samples, 10 (16.1%) were positive for E. histolytica while 52 (83.9%) were negative. No sample was positive for E. dispar. These results were validated by nested PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and suggest that PCR-DGGE is a promising tool to differentiate among Entamoeba infections, contributing to determine the specific treatment for patients infected with E. histolytica, and therefore, avoiding unnecessary treatment of patients infected with the non-pathogenic E. dispar.
