Complicaciones neurológicas en el postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardiaca: todavía un largo camino por recorrer / Acute neurological complications after pediatric cardiac surgery: still a long way to go

Introducción: Existe una creciente preocupación por las complicaciones neurológicas asociadas a las cardiopatías congénitas y a la cirugía cardiaca infantil. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de casos y controles de las cirugías cardiacas infantiles y su postoperatorio en cuidados intensivos durante un período de 10 años. Se seleccionaron dos controles por cada caso, ajustados por el mismo grado de complejidad quirúrgica. Resultados: Se estudiaron 900 cirugías. Se detectaron 38 complicaciones neurológicas (4,2%), de las cuales 21 (55,3%) implicaban al sistema nervioso periférico y 17 (44,7%) al sistema nervioso central. Las complicaciones del sistema nervioso central (1,9% del total) fueron 8 convulsiones, 4 accidentes cerebrovasculares, 4 encefalopatías hipóxico-isquémicas y un déficit neurológico reversible. Un 35,3% mostró afectación al alta y un 17,6% falleció. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (p=0,009), el tiempo de isquemia (p=0,12), los días de estancia en cuidados intensivos (p=0,001), días de ventilación mecánica (p=0,004) y días de soporte inotrópico (p=0,001). Conclusiones: La incidencia de complicaciones neurológicas en nuestra serie es similar a la descrita previamente. Las convulsiones son la manifestación clínica más común. Las complicaciones del sistema nervioso central se asocian con un aumento de la morbilidad, una mayor estancia hospitalaria y un mayor consumo de recursos. Es necesario establecer medidas en el pre y post-operatorio, así como durante la cirugía, encaminadas a su prevención y diagnóstico precoz(AU)

Introduction: There has been an increasing concern over the neurological complications associated with congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective, case-control, observational review of the postoperative period in the intensive care unit of patients undergoing cardiac surgery over the past 10 years. We selected 2 control patients for each case, matched for surgical complexity. Results: A total of 900 patients were reviewed. We found 38 neurological complications (4.2%), of which 21 (55.3%) were in the peripheral nervous system and 17 (44.7%) in the central nervous system. The complications involving the central nervous system (1.9% of total) consisted of 8 seizures, 4 cerebrovascular accidents, 4 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy events, and 1 reversible neurological deficit. At the time of discharge, 35.3% were symptomatic and 17.6% had died. Patients with neurological complications had a longer bypass time (P=.009), longer aortic cross time (P=.012), longer hospitalization in intensive care (P=.001), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P=.004) and an increased number of days under inotropic support (P=.001). Conclusions: Our incidence of neurological complications after cardiac surgery is similar to that previously described. Clinical seizures are the most common complication. Central nervous system complications are associated with a higher morbidity and hospitalization time. Units caring for patients with congenital heart disease must implement neurological monitoring during and after cardiac surgery to prevent and to detect these complications earlier(AU)

[Acute neurological complications after pediatric cardiac surgery: still a long way to go]. / Complicaciones neurológicas en el postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía cardiaca: todavía un largo camino por recorrer.

INTRODUCTION: There has been an increasing concern over the neurological complications associated with congenital heart disease and cardiac surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case-control, observational review of the postoperative period in the intensive care unit of patients undergoing cardiac surgery over the past 10 years. We selected 2 control patients for each case, matched for surgical complexity. RESULTS: A total of 900 patients were reviewed. We found 38 neurological complications (4.2%), of which 21 (55.3%) were in the peripheral nervous system and 17 (44.7%) in the central nervous system. The complications involving the central nervous system (1.9% of total) consisted of 8 seizures, 4 cerebrovascular accidents, 4 hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy events, and 1 reversible neurological deficit. At the time of discharge, 35.3% were symptomatic and 17.6% had died. Patients with neurological complications had a longer bypass time (P=.009), longer aortic cross time (P=.012), longer hospitalization in intensive care (P=.001), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P=.004) and an increased number of days under inotropic support (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our incidence of neurological complications after cardiac surgery is similar to that previously described. Clinical seizures are the most common complication. Central nervous system complications are associated with a higher morbidity and hospitalization time. Units caring for patients with congenital heart disease must implement neurological monitoring during and after cardiac surgery to prevent and to detect these complications earlier.

Soporte hemodinámico del niño crítico: fluidos. ¿Cuántos? ¿Cuáles? / Hemodynamic support of the critical child: fluids. When? Which?

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