ABSTRACT
Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei is a multienzyme mixture that hydrolyzes cellulose to glucose. Two enzymes in this mixture, cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and endoglucanase (EG), possess a common structure comprising a distinct cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and catalytic domain. Inhibition of the catalytic domain of cellulases without affecting their CBD function might be useful for structure/function studies of these enzymes. Complexes of the platinum group metals were tested for their ability to inhibit the major cellulase enzyme from T. reesei, cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I). Only palladium complexes inhibited CBH I, inhibition being dependent upon the molar ratio of palladium to CBH I with 1 microM CBH I retaining only 10% of its activity in the presence of 100 microM ammonium hexachloropalladate(IV) and after the incorporation of 28 mol Pd/mol CBH I. Inhibition was irreversible and could be completely prevented by including histidine, cysteine, and cystine in the assay mixture. Although the primary mechanism of inhibition of CBH I by palladium remains to be elucidated, it could involve the binding of palladium to sulfur or cystine residues resulting in their degradation. This is based on the findings that (i) palladium-inhibited CBH I was less thermally stable than native CBH I; (ii) CBH I, chemically modified by the attachment of pentaammine ruthenium(III) to the imidazole-N of either H206 or H228, showed greater sensitivity to inhibition by palladium compared to native CBH I; and (iii) ammonium hexachloropalladate cleaved 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)--Ellman's reagent. Binding of CBH I to crystalline cotton linters was not affected by palladium.
Subject(s)
Glycoside Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors , Palladium/pharmacology , Trichoderma/enzymology , Amino Acids/pharmacology , Binding Sites , Cellulose/metabolism , Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase , Circular Dichroism , Disulfides/chemistry , Glycoside Hydrolases/chemistry , Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism , Hot Temperature , Kinetics , Metals/pharmacology , Platinum/pharmacology , Protein Denaturation , Ruthenium/pharmacology , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
Palladium complexes have been shown to strongly inhibit cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) and endoglucanase II (EG II), two cellulases produced by Trichoderma reesei. Also inhibited were total cellulase (Avicelase) and beta-glucosidase (cellobiase) activities. The catalytic domain of CBH II, the second most abundant component of this cellulase, appeared less susceptible to inhibition by palladium. The inhibition was irreversible and could be prevented if histidine, cysteine or cystine was added to the enzyme reaction mixture simultaneously with the inhibitor. The binding of CBH I to microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) was unaffected by palladium.
