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1.
Heliyon ; 10(5): e26988, 2024 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38463770

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a strain of Escherichia coli known for causing foodborne illness through the consumption of contaminated or raw food. To detect this pathogen, a conductometric immunosensor was developed using a conductometric sensing approach. The sensor was constructed on an interdigitated electrode and modified with a monoclonal anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 aptamer. A total of 200 electrode pairs were fabricated and modified to bind to the target molecule replica. The binding replica, acting as the bio-recognizer, was linked to the electrode surface using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The sensor exhibited excellent performance, detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a short time frame and demonstrating a wide detection range of 1 fM to 1 nM. Concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected within this range, with a minimum detection limit of 1 fM. This innovative sensor offers simplicity, speed, high sensitivity, selectivity, and the potential for rapid sample processing. The potential of this proposed biosensor is particularly beneficial in applications such as drug screening, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis, where real-time information on biomolecular interactions is crucial for timely decision-making and where cross-reactivity or interference may compromise the accuracy of the analysis.

2.
Curr Med Chem ; 31(12): 1464-1484, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37702170

ABSTRACT

The engineering of nanoscale materials has broadened the scope of nanotechnology in a restricted functional system. Today, significant priority is given to immediate health diagnosis and monitoring tools for point-of-care testing and patient care. Graphene, as a one-atom carbon compound, has the potential to detect cancer biomarkers and its derivatives. The atom-wide graphene layer specialises in physicochemical characteristics, such as improved electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency, and increased chemical and mechanical strength, thus making it the best material for cancer biomarker detection. The outstanding mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties of two-dimensional graphene can fulfil the scientific goal of any biosensor development, which is to develop a more compact and portable point-of-care device for quick and early cancer diagnosis. The bio-functionalisation of recognised biomarkers can be improved by oxygenated graphene layers and their composites. The significance of graphene that gleans its missing data for its high expertise to be evaluated, including the variety in surface modification and analytical reports. This review provides critical insights into graphene to inspire research that would address the current and remaining hurdles in cancer diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , Graphite , Neoplasms , Humans , Graphite/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biomarkers, Tumor , Biosensing Techniques/methods
3.
Nano Converg ; 7(1): 27, 2020 Aug 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32776254

ABSTRACT

Owing to the unique structural characteristics as well as outstanding physio-chemical and electrical properties, graphene enables significant enhancement with the performance of electrospun nanofibers, leading to the generation of promising applications in electrospun-mediated sensor technologies. Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, and versatile technique relying on electrostatic repulsion between the surface charges to continuously synthesize various scalable assemblies from a wide array of raw materials with diameters down to few nanometers. Recently, electrospun nanocomposites have emerged as promising substrates with a great potential for constructing nanoscale biosensors due to their exceptional functional characteristics such as complex pore structures, high surface area, high catalytic and electron transfer, controllable surface conformation and modification, superior electric conductivity and unique mat structure. This review comprehends graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) (graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO and graphene quantum dots) impregnated electrospun polymer composites for the electro-device developments, which bridges the laboratory set-up to the industry. Different techniques in the base polymers (pre-processing methods) and surface modification methods (post-processing methods) to impregnate GNMs within electrospun polymer nanofibers are critically discussed. The performance and the usage as the electrochemical biosensors for the detection of wide range analytes are further elaborated. This overview catches a great interest and inspires various new opportunities across a wide range of disciplines and designs of miniaturized point-of-care devices.

4.
Biotechnol Appl Biochem ; 66(6): 939-944, 2019 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31468573

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries in its earlier stages and then spreads to the pelvis, uterus, and abdominal region. The success of an ovarian cancer treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and the diagnostic system. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is one of the most efficient cancer biomarkers, and elevated levels of SCC-Ag in ovarian cancer cells have been used to identify ovarian cancer. Carbon is a potential material for biosensing applications due to its thermal, electrical, and physical properties. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are carbon-based materials that can be used here to detect SCC-Ag. Anti-SCC-Ag antibody was immobilized on the amine-modified MWCNT dielectric sensing surface to detect SCC-Ag. The uniformity of the surface structure was measured with a 3D nanoprofiler, and the results confirmed the detection of SCC-Ag at ∼80 pM. The specific detection of SCC-Ag was confirmed with two control proteins (factor IX and human serum albumin), and the system did not show biofouling. This experimental set-up with MWCNTs a dielectric sensing surface can lead to the detection of ovarian cancer in its initial stages.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biosensing Techniques , Electrochemical Techniques , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Serpins/analysis , Electrodes , Female , Humans , Surface Properties
5.
Anal Chim Acta ; 636(2): 117-28, 2009 Mar 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19264161

ABSTRACT

RNA-protein interactions are important biological events that perform multiple functions in all living organisms. The wide range of RNA interactions demands diverse conformations to provide contacts for the selective recognition of proteins. Various analytical procedures are presently available for quantitative analyses of RNA-protein complexes, but analytical-based mapping of these complexes is essential to probe specific interactions. In this overview, interactions of functional RNAs and RNA-aptamers with target proteins are discussed by means of mapping strategies.


Subject(s)
RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , RNA/metabolism , Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry , Free Radicals/chemistry , Nucleotides/antagonists & inhibitors , Nucleotides/chemistry , Phosphates/antagonists & inhibitors , Phosphates/chemistry , Protein Binding , RNA/chemistry , RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry , Ribonucleases/metabolism
6.
Thromb Res ; 122(6): 838-47, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18055002

ABSTRACT

In the past decade development of aptamer technology is poised into several fields with various clinical applications. With this progress, aptamer based anti-coagulant agents are evolved and continuing their applications with clinical trials. At present several anti-coagulant aptamers are available against different proteins from blood coagulation cascade. In this review, the mechanism and functions of anti-coagulant aptamers, as an alternate candidate to other available anti-coagulant agents are discussed.


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacology , SELEX Aptamer Technique , Animals , Antithrombins/pharmacology , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Factor IX/antagonists & inhibitors , Factor VIIa/antagonists & inhibitors , Humans , Protein C Inhibitor/pharmacology
7.
Anal Bioanal Chem ; 387(1): 171-82, 2007 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17072603

ABSTRACT

SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process that involves the progressive purification from a combinatorial library of nucleic acid ligands with a high affinity for a particular target by repeated rounds of partitioning and amplification. With the development of aptamer technology over the last decade, various modified SELEX processes have arisen that allow various aptamers to be developed against a wide variety of molecules, irrespective of the target size. In the present review, the separation methods used in such SELEX processes are reviewed.


Subject(s)
Aptamers, Nucleotide/isolation & purification , SELEX Aptamer Technique/methods , Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods
8.
Mycopathologia ; 158(3): 303-9, 2004 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15645172

ABSTRACT

Soils of 10 poultry farms from Namakkal and 12 feather dumping sites from Chennai were studied for the presence of keratinophilic fungi. A total of 34 species belonging to 19 genera and one non-sporulating fungus were recovered. Sixteen species of fungi and one non-sporulating fungi were common to both sites, eight species were specific to Namakkal and nine species were specific to Chennai. Dermatophytes and closely related fungi were represented by six species belonging to five genera. Fungal species commonly found in the soil samples included Chrysosporium keratinophilum (73%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (68.2%), Microsporum gypseum (64%), Myceliopthora vellerea (32%), Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum (27.3%) and Geomyces pannorum (23%). Non-dermatophyte fungi were represented by 28 species belonging to 14 genera and one non-sporulating fungus.


Subject(s)
Arthrodermataceae/isolation & purification , Keratins/metabolism , Soil Microbiology , Animals , Arthrodermataceae/classification , Arthrodermataceae/metabolism , Feathers/microbiology , India , Poultry
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