ABSTRACT
Formation of single- and double strand breaks in DNA which may be discovered by microelectrophoresis in agarose gel is one of the criterion of genetical lesions in cells as a result of apoptosis or of genotoxic agent action. Genotoxic action of nickel chloride at the level of DNA of the individual cells in the initial culture of human embryonic haemopoietic cells was studied. It has been shown that about 2% cells in the studied in vitro populations were in the apoptosis state. Nickel chloride induced increasing of the frequency of formation of electrophoretic tracks of "comet" type with destroyed DNA.
Subject(s)
Comet Assay , DNA Damage , DNA/analysis , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects , Mutagens/toxicity , Nickel/toxicity , Cells, Cultured , Humans , Liver/cytology , Liver/embryologySubject(s)
Bronchitis/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Medicine , Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology , Welding , Adult , Bronchitis/etiology , Chronic Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pneumoconiosis/etiology , Ukraine/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A study was made of the labour conditions of those workers engaged in the production of basalt fibre (BF). Morphological makeup is examined as is dispersity and cytotoxicity of the dust produced in the process of BF making. An issue is addressed of usefulness of setting special hygienic regulations for BF dust.
Subject(s)
Construction Materials/adverse effects , Dust/adverse effects , Minerals/adverse effects , Silicates/adverse effects , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Construction Materials/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Embryo, Mammalian , Fibroblasts/cytology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Humans , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Mice , Minerals/toxicity , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Particle Size , Silicates/toxicityABSTRACT
It was found that "Kemper" devices absorb efficiently noxious substances released during arc welding of metals. Conditions for maximum efficiency of the "Kemper" devices are described.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/isolation & purification , Ventilation/instrumentation , Welding , Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Filtration/instrumentation , Germany , Hygiene , UkraineABSTRACT
The article reveals the current issues pertaining to the improvement of control after hazardous substances contents in the welding working zone air. The welding aerosols are multicomponent and constitute a group of complex gas-aerosol mixtures,--the feature which requires a separate detection of the individual concentrations of the most hazardous components, both hard and gaseous. Data on the specific excretion of hazardous substances should be included in respective technical documentation relating to welding processes and materials.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Metals/toxicity , Occupational Medicine/standards , Welding/standards , Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Humans , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Metals/analysis , Metals/standards , UkraineABSTRACT
The possibility of contaminating the breathing air zone with hazardous substances in manual and semi-automated welding increases with the intensity of their formation in the arc zone. This necessitates more comprehensive data on both the specific excreta and the formation intensity of the most hazardous substances, such as hard and gaseous compounds of welding aerosols, with due account of the welding regimen used and electrode diameter, wires, etc. When calculating the effectiveness of both local and general ventilation systems in welding shops, a possibility of a specific one-way hazardous action of some chemical substances (e.g. chromium, fluorine, etc.) should be taken into account.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Air Pollution/prevention & control , Occupational Medicine/standards , Welding/standards , Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis , Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence , Electrodes/standards , Humans , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Occupational Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Quality Control , Ukraine , Volatilization , Welding/instrumentation , Welding/methodsABSTRACT
It was established as a result of cytotoxicity studies of 15 welding dusts of different compositions in experiments on embryonal fibroblast cell cultures that the biologic activity of these substances depends on the solubility in growth media of their major components: alkaline and alkaline earth metals, iron, cremnium and, to a vast degree, that of the manganese. Conclusion has been made that a comparative assessment of welding dusts' biological activity on cell cultures should involve the kinetic parameters of their solubility in growth and supportive media, and the duration of the substances' affecting the cell cultures should be long enough to reveal the combined action of its major ingredients.
