[Patients' situational anxiety across stages and types of orthodontic treatment]. / Situativnaya trevozhnost' na ortodonticheskom prieme v zavisimosti ot sposoba i etapa lecheniya.

OBJECTIVE: The aim the studi. The study levels of situational anxiety of orthodontic patients depending on type and stage of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Altogether, 162 consequent patients aged 14-25 years with various dental anomalies filled out a questionnaire with Spielberger test (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The questionnaires were administered to at different stages of treatment at the Arkhangelsk Children's Dental Polyclinic and the private dental clinic "Niks Trading". Bivariate associations were studied using one-way analysis of variance. Independent associations between the level of situational anxiety and type and stage of treatment was assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for the level of personal anxiety, gender and age of the patient. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The mean score on situational anxiety was 42.4 (95% CI: 41.2-43.6) points corresponding to the average level. Only 4.3% (n=7) of the patients scored low on situational anxiety, while 34% (n=55) scored high on situations anxiety. The average score on personal anxiety was 43.5 (95% CI: 42.2-44.8). The corresponding proportions for low and high levels of personal anxiety were 6.2% (n=10) and 39.5% (n=64). Adolescents had higher scores on situational anxiety (p=0.048), and patients aged 21-25 years have a higher level of personal anxiety (p=0.004). No associations between situational anxiety and either stage or type of treatment were observed in multivariable analysis. The level of situational anxiety was significantly associated with the level of personal anxiety (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: More than a half of the patient had average level of situational anxiety during orthodontic treatment. Due to the higher situational anxiety in the group of adolescents, it is necessary to treat such patients more carefully. Orthodontic treatment with the use of braces or removable devices is not associated with increased situational anxiety.

[Satisfaction with dentist-patient interaction at the municipal polyclinic: level and affecting factors]. / Udovletvorennost' patsientov vzaimodeistviem s vrachami-stomatologami munitsipal'noi polikliniki: obshchii uroven' i vliyayushchie na nego faktory.

OBJECTIVE: The study level of patient satisfaction with interaction with doctors of various specialties in the municipal dental clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 596 patients who received dental care at the Severodvinsk Dental Polyclinic State Autonomous Healthcare Institution participated in the cross-sectional study. Satisfaction was studied across 10 domains using a questionnaire. The average values of the scores obtained for different specialties of the doctor were compared using a variance analysis for each of the domains. The relationship between patient satisfaction and factor characteristics - specialty and age of the doctor, gender and age of the patient or legal representative was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis with the calculation of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: At least a good level of satisfaction was found in all 10 domains for doctors of all specialties. The age of the doctor was inversely related to the domains "Communication on equal terms" and "Active listening". Respondents were statistically significantly less satisfied with interaction with dental therapists, dental surgeons and pediatric dentists in all domains compared to interaction with orthodontists, except for the domain "Prognosis". Satisfaction did not depend on the gender and age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lower satisfaction in different domains can be explained by limited time for patient admission and/or insufficient training of dentists in terms of communication with patients. The assessment of satisfaction with the doctor's appointment is an important indicator for determining the ways of developing the education of specialists and the organization of medical care in dentistry.

[Potentialities of photoactivated disinfection in dentistry]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniya fotoaktiviruemoi dezinfektsii v stomatologii.

Infection control is an essential part of dental practice. Oral antiseptics should be highly effective against the most common oral pathogens without causing microbial resistance, biocompatible with the human tissues with no interaction with fillings materials. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) is based on activation of photosensitizers - specific substances releasing active oxygen forms after absorption of the light. The active oxygen forms destroy bacterial cell structures without affecting human cells. The overwhelming majority of Russian and international researchers have reported high effectiveness of PAD in periodontics, implantology and endodontics, whereas the use of PAD in caries treatment and prevention is not so fully understood yet. Earlier studies have demonstrated high sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria to PAD, suggesting it as an additional minimally invasive caries therapy improving treatment effectiveness. PAD spares dental tissues without reduction in the effectiveness of disinfection. It is particularly important in treatment of deep carious lesions and disinfection of thin dentine layer near the pulp. Effectiveness of PAD in caries treatment has been demonstrated for both permanent and deciduous dentition. PAD doesn't affect bond strength to fillings, improves plasticity of dental pulp and dental hard tissues mineralization in children. Effective control of a wide range of bacteria without causing resistance makes PAD a prospective method of treatment and prevention of caries.

[Dental caries among 5-7 years old children in a Russian subarctic region]. / Karies zubov u detei 5­7 let v subarkticheskom regione Rossii.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and experience of dental caries among preschool children in a Russian Subarctic region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a complex dental examination in 1232 randomly selected children aged 5-7 years using the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology (5th Edition) and standard dental forms. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of caries in primary dentition was 90.8%. Boys were more likely to have caries than girls (93.0% vs. 88.5%, p=0.007). Caries experience in deciduous teeth in the full sample was 6.43 with the average number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth being 4.67, 0.64 and 1.13, respectively. The prevalence of caries in permanent teeth was 5.2% with caries experience of 0.08. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth components were 0.06, 0 and 0.03, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high prevalence and experience of caries among 5-7 years old children in Arkhangelsk region. These findings exceed the national average and do not reach the WHO-2020 goals warranting urgent implementation of prevention strategies to improve dental health in this age group in Arctic and Subarctic Russia.

[Multivariable analysis of the associations between transversal maxilla size and upper airway volume]. / Izuchenie svyazi transverzal'nogo razmera verkhnei chelyusti i ob"ema verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the size of the upper jaw and the volume of the upper respiratory tract in adult patients, both in the form of continuous indicators and in the form of categorical variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography images of all patients (n=365) aged 18-60 years who attended one of the dental clinics in Arkhangelsk (Northwest Russia) from October 2019 through November 2020 comprised the study base. Maxilla size and upper airway volume were assessed using Ez3D-I software. Bivariate analysis of categorical variables was performed using Pearson's chi-squared tests. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student's t-test. Independent associations between maxilla size and upper airway volume were assessed by multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: No associations between maxilla size and upper airway volume were observed in bivariate analysis. Adjustment for potential confounders in multivariable analysis has not changed the initial results on no associations between the studied variables with 95% confidence level. CONCLUSION: In contrast with the results of many previous studies, our findings suggest no association between transversal maxilla size and upper airway volume. Patients with reduced maxilla size are equally likely to have normal and reduced upper airway volume. Further research on larger samples is needed to corroborate our findings.

[Dimensions of the upper airways and its impact on the dentoalveolar system development]. / Sostoyanie verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei i ego vliyanie na razvitie zubochelyustnoi sistemy.

Due to the high mobility and variability of bone structures and soft tissues surrounding the upper respiratory tract, the exact boundaries for measuring and normalizing the size of the respiratory tract have not yet been determined. Studies have determined the relationship between the narrowing of the upper jaw and a decrease in the transverse dimensions of the airways, as well as a positive effect in changing the size of the airways after orthodontic treatment and/or orthognathic surgery. Nevertheless, the results of research in this area may differ greatly from different specialists, which indicates that the topic is poorly studied and it is necessary to continue and expand the range of scientific works to assess the state of the upper respiratory tract and their relationship with the orthodontic status.

[Molar-incisor hypomineralization among 12-years old children in Arkhangelsk region]. / Moliarno-reztsovaia gipoplaziia u 12-letnikh detei Arkhangel'skoi oblasti.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) across genders and place of residence as well as its association with dental caries among 12-years-old children in Northwest Russia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study included 1233 (653 girls) randomly selected 12-years-old children from 7 urban and 5 rural areas of Arkhangelsk region. MIH and its severity were diagnosed using Weerheijm et al (2003) and Mathu-Muju & Wright (2006) criteria. Dental caries was studied at the D3 level following WHO (2013) recommendations. Prevalence of MIH and caries and means for Decayed-Missing-Filled (DMFT) scores are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pearson's chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used for dichotomous and numerical data, respectively. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MIH was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.44-3.07). The prevalence of mild MIH was 46.2% (95% CI: 28.8-64.5). Average and severe MIH were diagnosed in 26.9% (95% CI: 13.7-46.1) of children each. The prevalence of caries among those with and without MIH was 100% (95% CI: 87.1-100.0) and 74.8% (95% CI: 72.3-77.2), respectively (p=0.003). DMFT values for children with and without MIH were 4.46 (95% CI: 3.20-5.72) and 2.41 (95% CI: 2.28-2.53), respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of MIH in Northwest Russia is lower than in most other countries our findings suggest that hypomineralised molars are much more prone to caries.

Urban-rural differences in dental caries experience among 6-year-old children in the Russian north.

INTRODUCTION: Russians residing in rural areas, particularly in the north, have poorer health in general and lower life expectancy compared with urban residents. Little is known about dental health in the north of Russia, given that the last national oral health survey was performed more than 10 years ago. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 6-year-old children in a remote region in Northwest Russia. METHODS: In total, 532 children aged 6 years were recruited in 5 randomly selected rural and urban settings of the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 50.8% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 (cavitation) level by a single calibrated examiner. The prevalence of caries was calculated as the number of children with at least one affected tooth (decayed or missing or filled) divided by the number of examined children x 100% with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Caries experience was estimated using a sum of decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft index) and presented as means and 95% CIs. Dichotomous and continuous data were analysed using Χ² and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 93.4% (95% CI: 90.9-95.2) with a mean dmft of 6.71 (95%CI: 6.37-7.04). On average, there were 5.48 (95% CI: 5.16-5.80) decayed, 0.44 (95% CI: 0.37-0.51) missing and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.91) filled teeth. Although the overall caries experience was similar in rural and in urban areas (6.52 vs 6.41, p=0.742), the number of decayed teeth in rural areas was greater (5.94 vs 4.91, p=0.001). Moreover, there were fewer missing teeth (0.31 vs 0.59, p<0.001) and filled teeth (0.45 vs 1.19, p<0.001) in rural areas. Boys had a greater number of affected teeth than girls (7.12 vs 6.32, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of both caries prevalence and caries experience in the region exceeded the Russian average and corresponding levels in most European countries. Both urban-rural and sex variations in caries experience and its components were observed. Urgent preventive dental public health measures on both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation.

Dental caries experience among 12-year-old children in Northwest Russia.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 12-year-olds in Northwest Russia. METHODS: Altogether 355 schoolchildren at the age of 12 were selected at random from 3 urban and 4 rural areas in the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 53.7% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 level by a single calibrated examiner. The prevalence of caries was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Wilson's method. Caries experience was estimated using DMFT index and presented as means and 95% CIs. Dichotomous and numerical data were analysed by chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 83.4% (95% CI 79.2-86.9) with the mean DMFT of 2.95 (95% CI 2.70-3.20). On average, there were 1.56 (95% CI 1.37-1.76) decayed, 0.03 (95% CI 0.01-0.06) missing and 1.34 (95%CI 1.16-1.52) filled teeth. No gender differences in the prevalence of caries in any of the settings or in the full sample were observed. The overall caries experience was higher in urban than in rural areas (3.38 vs. 2.64, p = 0.001). The mean number of decayed teeth in urban areas was lower (1.29 vs. 1.77, p = 0.009), but the number of filled teeth was greater (2.02 vs. 0.85, p = 0.001) than in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and experience of caries among 12-year-olds in the Arkhangelsk region is greater than in most European countries. Urgent public health measures at both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation.

[Dental caries among children in institutions for orphans].

Epidemiological studies show that the level of dental care for children-orphans in institutions inadequate. Dominated by untreated and remote carious permanent teeth. If the traditional dental treatment difficult to implement need to develop special programs for the prevention of dental caries.

[Atopic cheilitis in children: the risk factors and clinical symptoms]. / Atopicheskii kheilit u detei: faktory riska i klinicheskie simptomy.

General and local factors affecting the development of atopic cheilitis, alone and in association with disseminated neurodermatitis, have been studied. Health disorders were more incident in children with cheilitis concomitant with disseminated neurodermatitis than in those with cheilitis alone (without other skin involvement). The most significant general risk factors are an unfavorable course of antenatal development, exudative catarrhal diathesis, food allergies, gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal dysbacteriosis. Local risk factors were impaired joining of the lips and disordered nasal breathing, long soother sucking, harmful habits, and maxillodental abnormalities. Clinical symptoms in isolated cheilitis and cheilitis concomitant with disseminated neurodermatitis are similar, but cheilitis associated with disseminated neurodermatitis runs a more severe course.

[The functional activity of the minor salivary glands of the lips in allergic cheilitis]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' malykh sliunnykh zhelez gub pri allergicheskom kheilite.

Functional activity of minor salivary glands is studied in 289 children, 52 of these without signs of cheilitis and 237 with allergic cheilitis at different stages. Three variants of secretion are distinguished: fast, medium, and slow. The ratio of these variants changed in exacerbation of disease in comparison with that in health or remission. The activity of the glands depends on clinical manifestations of cheilitis. Changes in the activity of minor salivary glands determine the clinical picture, localization, and type of involvement in cheilitis.