ABSTRACT
Тhe bioenergetic processes in the heart mitochondria of Wistar rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance was investigated in female animals with different estrogen status. Respiration studies on isolated heart mitochondria by the polarographic method revealed that estrogen deficiency reduced complex IV activity, while its combination with high-fructose diet induced additional disturbances in the coupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation at the level of complex I of the electron transport chain. Exogenous 17b-estradiol inhibited the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes of ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance.
Subject(s)
Cell Respiration/drug effects , Estradiol/pharmacology , Estrogens/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism , Animals , Diet , Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism , Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism , Female , Fructose/administration & dosage , Fructose/toxicity , Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism , Ovariectomy , Oxidative Phosphorylation , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A three-month administration of phensuccinal improved glucose homeostasis, decreased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and low-density lipoproteins in the blood serum, and reduced the lipid peroxidation rate as compared to the untreated diabetic control. In addition, phensuccinal increased the content of the antiatherogenic high-density lipoprotein fraction and the related paraoxonase enzyme activity. The preventive effect of phensuccinal with respect to diabetic dyslipidemia development, together with the antioxidant action, show this compound to be a promising therapeutic means of preventing and/or reducing macrovascular complications in diabetic patients.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Dithizone , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipids/blood , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Male , RabbitsABSTRACT
The effect of phensuccinal, a low-toxic succinic acid derivative, on the function of pancreatic beta-cells in the evolution of absolute insulin insufficiency was studied in rats with neonatally induced streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Phensuccinal (25 mg/kg body weight) prevented disorders in the secretory response of beta-cells to glucose load at all stages of the study (2, 5, and 14 days after diabetes induction). This effect was realized via stimulation of the regenerative processes in the insulin-producing system of the pancreas and activation of the antioxidant system in diabetic animals.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/drug effects , Succinates/pharmacology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blood Glucose , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Glutathione/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin Secretion , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/pathology , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Succinates/chemistryABSTRACT
Overall forty-eight patients with stage I-II hypertensive disease (HD) were examined. A psychological investigation in the patients was conducted as recommended by Eysenck [correction of Isenk], S. Rosenzweig, Luchier. HD patients presenting with aggravated heredity (AH) and their HD parents are more often than not inclined to introversion. In AH-free HD patients, a high level of neuroticism was recordable as was decrement in their ability to compensate anxiety and a low level of social adaptation. It is suggested that AH HD patients might have some mechanism of compensation of anxiety early in the course of the illness.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/psychology , Personality , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Disease Susceptibility/psychology , Humans , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, SocialABSTRACT
The effects of new antioxidant fensuccinal on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats were studied. Oral administration of fensuccinal in a dose of 25 mg/kg for 2 weeks prevented basal hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity of peripheral tissues. Fensuccinal also attenuated oxidative stress by decreasing the concentrations of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products in liver homogenates. The ability of fensuccinal to prevent dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance is probably due to its antioxidant properties.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Animals , Blood Glucose/analysis , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Data on the mechanisms of developing of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (type 2) are analyzed and reviewed. The current concept of hypoglycemic therapy aimed both at amelioration of hyperglycemia symptoms and reduction of the risk of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathies is considered. The main directions of pharmacological action of hypoglycemic drugs (both in use and in the stage of design) and data of the efficiency and possible incidental action are presented.
