[Age variation of the phenotypic expression and the inheritance of the IgG system of immunoglobulin allotypes in the pig]. / Vozrastnaia izmenchivost' fenotipicheskoi ékspressii i nasledovanie IgG-sistemy allotipov immunoglobulinov svin'i.

The specificity of phenotypic expression and inheritance of immunoglobulin allotypes IgG1a and IgG2b in pigs are discussed. It was shown that a negative state by both these allotypes is repeatedly found among newborn pigs but is extremely rare in pigs older than one month. A model, which simultaneously describes the genetic determination of allogroups formed by allotypes IgG1a and IgG2b and the dynamics of ontogenetic expression of individual genotype by system IgG with a result of a visually registered phenotype, was developed. Allele frequencies by system IgG were assessed in populations of domestic pigs of productive breeds, laboratory miniature pigs, and wild Eurasian pigs.

[Characteristics of some breeds of swine and populations of Georgian and Western Siberian wild boar by immunogenetic systems of blood serum proteins]. / Kharakteristika nekotorykh porod svinei i populiatsii dikogo kabana gruzii i zapadnoi sibiri po immunogeneticheskim sistemam syvorotochnykh belkov krovi.

A bank of reagents for hog serum protein allotypes has been created. All of these allotypes passed international comparison tests in 1987-1988. The bank can be used for typing the animals for four generally accepted (Gp, LpB, Lpr, and IgGH) and several experimental systems. In this study, immunogenetic characteristics of some pig breeds (Large White, Lithuanian White, Swedish Landrace, Kakhetinskaya, and Svanetskaya) bred in Georgia are compared with those of western Siberian breeds (Large White, Kemerovskaya, and Northern Siberian), and some foreign breeds, as well as with European, Caucasian, and Siberian subspecies of the wild boar.

[A2G--a new system of alpha-2-globulin allotypes in pig blood serum]. / A2G--novaia sistema allotipov alpha-2-globulinov syvorotki krovi svinei.

Combinations of four alpha-2-globulin allotypes were studied for their distribution in pigs of nine different breeds and hybrid groups. Based on this analysis, a new, previously unpublished polyallelic genetic system designated A2G was postulated. The complex alleles of this system control alpha-2-globulin allotypes and are suggested to be encoded by genes of two subloci. One of these subloci is virtually monomorphic, whereas the other has at least four allelic variants.

[Interaction of polymorphic systems in a population of Semirechenskaya swine breed]. / Vzaimodeistvie polimorfnykh sistem v populiatsii svinei semirechenskoi porody.

Associations between the alleles of nonlinked polymorphic genetic systems were studied in the population of the Semirechenskaya breed of pigs. The study of marker pairs of 21 genetic systems revealed that 7% of associations are statistically significant. Most of the associations detected are assumed to arise from breeding by commercial productivity traits and from the formation of an integral genotype adapted to conditions of artificial selection in the population.

[Dynamics and genetic determination of transformation of alpha macroglobulins allogroups in different populations of domestic pigs]. / Dinamika i geneticheskaia obuslovlennost' transformatsii allogrupp sistemy al'fa-makroglobulinov v raznykh populiatsiiakh domashnikh svinei.

The results of genetic studies of transformation of alpha-macroglobullin (AM) allogroups (i.e., fixed allotype combinations) in pigs are presented. Population and hybridization studies showed that the phenomenon discovered was based on activation/inactivation of the AMI allotype expression, which depended on the genetic environment and interlocus relationships. Genetic and selection bases, as well as the significance of the transformation phenomenon described, are discussed.

[The association of genetic markers in two related swine breeds]. / Assotsiatsii geneticheskikh markerov v dvukh rodstvennykh porodakh svinei.

The combinations of genetic markers (allotypes, blood-group systems, and polymorphic proteins) were analyzed in pigs of two phylogenetically related Siberian populations: the newly selected Siberian specialized meat breed SM-1 (daughter breed) and the reproductive core of the Kemerovo breed (maternal breed). Statistically significant interlocus associations were found between the genetic markers that are known not to be linked, being assigned to different linkage groups, and the main selected meat-productivity traits. Some of these associations were shared by both breeds; others were found to be specific to either maternal or daughter populations. Possible genetic mechanisms underlying these associations and their significance are discussed.

[Further research on the immunogenetic G blood group system in swine]. / Dal'neishee izuchenie immunogeneticheskoi sistemy G grupp krovi svinei.

As a result of several cycles of isoimmunization, two variants of antisera dose-dependently reacting with antigens of the porcine G blood group were obtained. It is suggested that the specific response of immunized pigs to antigens inherited from different wild boar subspecies may be associated with allele Ga and probably with Robertsonian translocations 15/17 and 16/17.

[Homology between the Lpm system of allotypes in the American mink and the Gp system of allotypes in the domestic pig]. / O gomologii Lpm-sistemy allotipov amerikanskoi norki i Gp-sistemy allotipov domashnei svin'i.

The 5 alpha-macroglobulin allotypes alpha M1, alpha M2, alpha M3, alpha M4 and alpha M5 were identified in pig. The alpha M1 allotype was reported as a marker of pig alpha-macroglobulin, the latter being homologous to alpha 2-macroglobulins in human and in mink. The allotypes alpha M2-alpha M5 were specified as markers of the second isotypical variant of pig alpha-macroglobulins, which was homologous to mink Lpm macroglobulin (alpha 1M). As seen from data obtained by International Comparative Test ISABR 87-88, alpha M1 is a new allotype, while allotypes alpha M2--alpha M5 correspond to four allotypes in the Gp system (Janik et al.). Based on these data, a conclusion was made on the homology between the Lpm system in american mink and the Gp system in pig. Since the allotypes studied are the part of alpha-macroglobulins, a locus controlling them was designated the AM locus. We also find it more advantageous to apply the same name to the homologous locus in mink, instead of the Lpm used earlier. Genetic control of 5 allotypes was studied and the structure of the AM locus in pig analysed in detail. Comparative study of organization of the above locus and the homologous locus in mink was carried out.

[Immunogenetic study of porcine IgG]. / Immunogeneticheskoe issledovanie IgG svin'i.

Three allotypes of IgG were identified in pig. Based on data obtained on electrophoretic mobility as well as on results of the International Comparative Test ISABR for pig blood group, polymorphic proteins and enzymes (1987-1988), the allotypes are specified as markers of two different IgG subclasses and are referred to as IgG1a, IgG2b and IgG2c. The former of these is established as corresponding to the already known IGH3 C1, and the other two had not been earlier described. In herds of pigs being bred in the Georgian SSR, the IgG1a allotype frequencies in Kakhetinskaya, Large White, Landrase and Lithuanian white were 0.84, 0.93, 0.91 and 0.94, respectively, whereas for the IgG2b allotype it ran 0.89, 0.73, 0.79, and 0.69 in the order mentioned. The IgG2c allotype was not registered in samples under examination.

[Genetic characteristics of the 1st Soviet miniswine Minisibs. II. The immunogenetic characteristics of laboratory Minisibs]. / Nekotorye geneticheskie osobennosti pervykh otechestvennykh mini-svinei minisibs. Soobshchenie II. Immunogeneticheskie osobennosti laboratornykh minisibsov.

A laboratory miniature Siberian pig "Minisibs"--a new laboratory animal in USSR is characterized by a very wide immunogenetic polymorphism for all the blood group systems studied, significantly differing in this respect from all the wild and domestic pigs. When "Minisibs" were compared with American, West-German and Japanese miniature pigs in relation to the blood group systems E, F, G and L, the considerable distinction was demonstrated. These immunogenetic peculiarities indicate adequately the complicated phylogenesis of "Minisibs" and the rovel of different European and Asian domestic pig breeds and wild boars in it. "Minisibs" are to be used mainly as a medical and biological model. Besides, they could be of great use in studies of selection and genetics for modelling microevolutionary processes as well as for obtaining monospecific antisera-reagents which detect a wide spectra of erythrocyte and sera antigens. A prerequisite for this is a well studied immunogenetic polymorphism.