ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the contribution of academician G. N. Speransky, the prominent pediatrician, into becoming of the national system of medical and preventive care of children of early age and development of its staging.
Subject(s)
Pediatrics/history , Child , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
On the basis of archival documents and literary sources the importance of nutrition factors determining the importance of its influence on the level of demographic indicators and morbidity during the famine of the 1920s in the Samara Gubernia is demonstrated. The contribution of foreign public organizations in saving people from starvation is presented.
Subject(s)
Starvation , History, 20th Century , Humans , Morbidity , Nutritional Status , Russia , Starvation/historyABSTRACT
The article presents the role of organization of hospital schools in Russia of XVIII century and their input into development of Russian medicine. The activity of the first hospital school, including its role in development of medical education in Russia is expounded.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Medicine , Hospitals , Russia , Schools, MedicalABSTRACT
The article presents the history of organization of the Society of Moscow scientific institute. The materials are cited concerning its such first institutes of experimental biology, physiology and physics and also about the first directors of these institutes -- P.P. Lazarev, N.K. Koltsov, M.N. Shaternikov.
Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes , History, 20th Century , Humans , Moscow , Science/historyABSTRACT
Sanitation measures of the final period of World War II included the sanitary surveillance of water and power forces, observation of their placement and content of the territory occupied by them, monitor the implementation of military rules of personal hygiene and health education. The content of anti-epidemic measures was control of vectors of infectious and parasitic diseases, the protection of troops against the penetration of these diseases from the outside, the sanitary-epidemiological investigation and vaccination of staff, early detection and isolation of infectious patients, their timely hospitalization, disinfection of the source of infection, identify the sources of infection and epidemiological surveillance behind the hearth. Epidemiological welfare of the Red Army has been achieved by the virtue of the hard and persistent work of many thousands of military doctors, good organization of anti-epidemic protection of troops and use of military medical service of science.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/history , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Epidemiological Monitoring , Military Hygiene/history , Military Medicine/history , World War II , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , History, 20th Century , Military Hygiene/organization & administration , Military Medicine/organization & administration , Sanitation/history , USSRABSTRACT
The USSR academy of medical sciences was organized in 1944. At the same year, the institute of health care organization, medical statistics and social hygiene was included in its structure. Before the institute global tasks in area of research and pedagogic activities were stated. They were implemented in accordance with actual national demands. The institute became a leading research center of studying problems of population health, social hygiene, organization and management of health care and history of medicine. In 2003, the institute was renamed in the The RAMS national research institute of public health, and in 2013 was handed over the Federal agency of research organizations (FANO) of Russia. The directors of the institute were well-known scientists in the field of social hygiene health care organization and history of medicine. They made a significant input into development of medical education, combining scientific, managerial and pedagogic activities. The founders of the first chairs of history of medicine and social hygiene were the directors of the institute I.D. Strashun and N.A. Semashko.
Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes/history , History of Medicine , Public Health/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , USSRABSTRACT
At the beginning of the First World War the most typical diseases in the Russian Army were typhoid, typhus, diphtheria, cholera, smallpox and other infectious diseases. At the beginning of the First World War the level of infectious morbidity was significantly low, but further increased and pandemic risk arose. Servicemen were mostly ill with typhus, relapsing fever, flux, cholera, smallpox and typhoid. The highest mortality rate was registered in patients with cholera, typhus and typhoid. According the prewar deployment program of the Russian Army anti-epidemiologic facilities were established. By the end of war were established 110 sanitary-and-hygienic and 90 disinfection units. However, organization of anti-epidemiologic security was unsatisfactory. Due to lack of specialists and equipment anti-epidemiologic facilities of units were under strength. Commanders of sanitary units and sanitary service had not enough resources for operational service in the Forces and facilities of rear area.
Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Hygiene , Military Medicine , Epidemiology/history , Epidemiology/organization & administration , Epidemiology/standards , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Hygiene/history , Hygiene/standards , Male , Military Medicine/history , Military Medicine/organization & administration , Military Medicine/standards , World War IABSTRACT
The N.A. Semashko national research institute of public health during 57 years published collections "The significant and anniversary dates of history of medicine" reflecting main dates of universal and national medicine. The particular attention was paid to jubilees of scientific medical discoveries, publishing of works and organization of medical institutions.
