[Thyroid antibodies levels in euthyroid men and women - residents of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.]

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of thyroid antibodies and their relationship with thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin in euthyroid men and women, residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A total of 208 apparently healthy people were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups depending on gender and level of autoantibodies in the blood. Serum hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system, thyroglobulin and antibodies concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of positive antibodies among various examined groups was determined and the characteristics of euthyroid subjects with abnormal thyroid antibodies levels were studied. Circulating positive thyroid antibodies were found in 20% of the surveyed residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The median serum antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (AntiTPO) or thyroglobulin (AntiTG) levels and the percentage of people in general population with positive antibodies (i.e. AntiTPO ≥ 50 IU / ml and / or AntiTG ≥ 100 IU / ml) were statistically significant higher in women than in men, p < 0.01. Such thyroid antibodies levels were associated with a higher thyroid gland functional activity in women, which was demonstrated by significantly higher thyroxin level and lower thyroglobulin value in the peripheral blood. Part of women positive for AntiTPO increased with age from 18 to 33% (in groups aged 18-44 and 45-59 years, p = 0.04). The findings of the study reveal correlation between thyroid function test and thyroid antibodies levels, elaborating the clinical importance of thyroid antibodies in clinical examination and follow-up of patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.

[Pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis hormone serum levels in postmenopausal women of the European North of the Russian Federation, depending on the age.]

Using the methods of radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay there were studied the levels of hormones of the pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems in the postmenopausal women of the European North of the Russian Federation in the second period of mature age, elderly and senile ages. The lower concentrations of total and free fractions of triiodothyronine and total thyroxin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and estradiol were noted in the blood of investigated women in the senile age. Excess levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were shown in 12,1% of people in the II period of mature age and 17,4% of people in the elderly age. The examined women showed signs of androgenization, manifested by elevated values of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The levels of luteinizing hormone exceed the norm in 50% of persons of the second period of mature age, 18,2% of the elderly and 26,1% of the persons of senile age. The concentrations of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate exceed the norms established for the postmenopausal period in 15,4 and 91,7% of persons in the second period of mature age and in 11,4 of 84,2% of the elderly age. The greatest number of correlation interrelations of the studied hormones levels was noted in senile age.

[Levels of sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and dopamine in postmanopausal women of nomadic and settled aboriginal and local caucasoid populations of the arctic territories.]

Positive changes in the society led to an improvement in quality and lifetime; as a result the menopause in women lengthens much longer, in light of this the relevance of studying hormonal changes increases, especially among the representatives of different groups living in the Arctic territories. The study was carried out on 138 women who included nomadic and settled aboriginal and local Caucasoid postmenopausal populations, permanently residing in the Arctic territories of Russia. The greatest difference in the studied blood indicators was shown between the local Caucasoid and aboriginal population. A greater imbalance in the content of dopamine in Aborigines compared with the European population was combined with a higher levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, antisperm antibodies and with lower concentrations of lutropine, progesterone, total and free testosterone. In the settled aboriginal population compared with nomadic one there were shown the larger proportion of people with low levels of dopamine, lutropine, follitropin and high levels of prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin in the presence of increased number of feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, which suggested more pronounced reduction of its activity. The evident imbalance of the dopamine content in the aboriginal population was combined with the absence of connections between dopamine level and the parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Positive correlation between the contents of dopamine and lutropin in the European population suggested the stimulating effect of dopamine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. Affected by imbalanced dopamine content the decreased activity of gonadotropic pituitary gland function as well as the peripheral part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system was registered in the aboriginal Arctic population in comparison with the local European one, which was more pronounced in the settled aboriginals.

[The content of dopamine and hormones of system "hypophysis - thyroid" in blood of nomadic, settled and local population of the Arctic.]

The examination was applied to the groups of nomadic, settled aboriginal and local Caucasian population of the Arctic, permanently residing in the North. The study was carried out in the same period of the year - the period of increasing of duration of daylight hours. The study covered 253 individuals aged from 21 to 50 years. Despite differences in life-style of nomadic and settled aborigines, the similar signs were established consisting in the higher functional activity of hypophyseal section of the "hypophysis - thyroid" system against the background of lower content of auto-antibodies to thyroid peroxidase under increasing of the level of dopamine in blood as compared with local Caucasian population of the Arctic. The variation of analyzed parameters in aboriginal population depending on life-style also is demonstrated. So, nomadic aboriginal population is characterized by higher content in blood of global and free fractions of triiodothyronine, lower index of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines, increasing of level of dopamine and adenosine mono-phosphate. In case of settled aboriginal population increasing of content of global and free thyroxine is typical. In case of nomadic aborigines an expressed dissonance in content of iodothyronines is established: shifting of limits of variations of global and free triiodothyronine aside of higher bounds of standard at shifting of limits of variations of free fractions of thyroxine aside lower bounds of standard. The positive correlation relationships are registered between content of dopamine, thyroid hormones and adenosine mono-phosphate are registered. They are more expressed nomadic aboriginal population.

[Changes in serum hormone levels in the middle and gerontic aged inhabitants of Arkhangelsk due to the gender identity].

The serum hormone levels were studied among middle and gerontic aged residents of Arkhangelsk by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay. The significant increase of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones levels in gerontic aged men was recorded in the presence of higher concentrations of these hormones in women. There was a statistical tendency of decrease in the level of testosterone in gerontic aged women compared to middle aged. Regardless of gender the lowering of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate content was observed in gerontic aged residents compared to middle aged. The criteria of functional activity reduction of the thyroid gland were a decrease in serum free thyroxine fraction levels in gerontic aged women and low concentrations of common triiodothyronine in middle aged men living in Arkhangelsk. Serum cortisol, insulin, estradiol, growth hormone had no significant age and sex differences in the present groups. The number of correlations was greater among the gerontic aged people in comparison with the middle aged, especially among women.