[Stroke in children: experience of the Center for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases in Children and Adolescents in Moscow]. / Insul't u detei: opyt raboty Tsentra po lecheniyu tserebrovaskulyarnykh zabolevanii u detei i podrostkov Moskvy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the work of the Center for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents, operating on the basis of the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Health Department for the period 2018-2021 and to assess the peculiarities of organizing the provision of specialized care to children and adolescents with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Annual reports of the Center for the period 2018-2021; included children and adolescents aged 1 month to 17 years 11 months 29 days, with new onset ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS), cerebral venous thrombosis (sinus thrombosis), confirmed clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: Statistical data on stroke and organization of care for children with this pathology in Moscow are presented. The incidence of IS in Moscow for the period 2018-2021 ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 per 100.000 children, HI - from 2.35 to 3.3 per 100.000, sinus thrombosis from 0.5 to 1.38 per 100.000. When assessing the main etiological factors of stroke in The Center for International Pediatric Stroke Research categories, we noted a prevalence of chronic head and neck diseases (20-37%) and chronic systemic conditions (conditions or diseases with known changes in coagulation or vascular structure, including connective tissue dysplasia, genetic, hematological, inflammatory or diseases of the immune system) (15-20%). In addition, data on reperfusion therapy carried out at the Center are presented. From 2018 (first thrombolysis was performed) to 2021, 7.3-14.7% of all patients with IS underwent thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The experience of functioning of the Center for the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Pathology in Children and Adolescents has shown that the creation of such centers in the regions of the Russian Federation is relevant, but requires taking into account the characteristics of the pediatric population when organizing their work.

[Stroke in children and adolescents]. / Insul't u detei i podrostkov.

OBJECTIVE: A comparative analysis of symptoms in arterial ischemic and stroke-like conditions in children, the development and analysis of the «Presumptive stroke in children¼ scale for prehospital diagnosis of ischemic strokes in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article analyzes cases of emergency hospitalization of children in a stroke center with suspected cerebrovascular pathology as well as the symptoms of patients with suspected ischemic stroke, compares the leading and final diagnoses, identifies the main «mimics¼ of stroke and their symptom complexes. A comparison of the obtained data with the results of previous studies was carried out. RESULTS: The results show the prevalence of motor disorders and coordination disorders in cases of ischemic stroke and cerebral symptoms in cases of stroke-like conditions in children. The most frequent stroke-mimic is migraine. Based on the results of the study, we propose a screening scale for pre-hospital diagnosis of ischemic stroke in children. A preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the scale using examples of cases of confirmed stroke and stroke-mimic was performed. CONCLUSION: Timely hospitalization of children with stroke can not only reduce mortality, but also use modern diagnostic and treatment methods to reduce the volume of brain damage with a possible complete restoration of motor and cognitive functions. Further analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the «Presumptive stroke in children¼ scale is required.

[Palivizumab: four seasons in Russia].

In 2010, the Russian Federation (RF) registered palivizumab--innovative drug, based on monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children of disease severe progress risk group, which include primarily premature infants, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. Currently, palivizumab is included in the list of recommended medicines and medical care standards of different countries, including Russia. In the review the results of Russian research on the progress of RSV infection, its epidemiology and immunization experience gained over the 2010-2014 period are summarized in relation to the foreign data. During the four epidemic seasons palivizumab immunization covered more than 3,200 children of severe RSV infection risk group with a progressive annual increase in the number of patients who received the drug. Geography of palivizumab immunization is also greatly expanded in our country during this time. If during the first two seasons measures of immunization were taken mainly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, at the present time, thirty one territorial entities of the Russian Federation have the experience in the drug application. Analysis of the results of RSV infection immunization (made in several regions) confirms the high clinical efficacy and palivizumab safety already demonstrated in international studies. In addition, the analysis presents the potential to improve the efficiency of the integrated RSV infection immunization programs, realizing in the establishment of high-risk child group register, adequate counseling for parents, as well as the development of the routing of patients and coordination of interaction between different health institutions during the immunization.

[The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde in prematures with hypoxic disorders of the central nervous system]. / Aktivnost'superoksiddismutazy,glutationperoksidazy i uroven; malonovogo dial'degida u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh s gipoksicheskim porazheniem tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde were studied 53 prematures with hypoxia of the central nervous system. A low activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which depended on a prematurity degree and on a content of malonic dialdehyde in the erythrocyte cell membranes, was found. A higher level of malonic dialdehyde in erythrocyte membranes was shown to be an unfavorable prognostication factor for the development of intraventricular hemorrhages in prematures.