[Histophysiology of the epidermis].

This literature review summarizes the data on the general principles of the structure and functions of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and tactile epithelial cells. Special attention is paid to the process of keratinization, the formation of lipid barrier of the stratum corneum. The problem of the stem and transitional cell surface markers is discussed. Detailed current data are presented on the structure and functions of keratinosomes, their participation in the process of desquamation and the formation of intercellular cement, forming the basis of polar lipids. It is shown that lipid profile of the intercellular space of the stratum corneum is changing in the direction of the surface of the epidermis. Considerable part of the review is devoted to the data demonstrating the functions of keratinocytes: synthesis of mitogens, chemokines that attract DC and T-lymphocytes to the epidermis; production of antimicrobial peptides. In this report, the questions are discussed of the existence of two types of tactile epitheliocytes, of the participation of DC in the process of keratinization, on the transfer of information on an antigen to T-lymphocytes. The data are presented on the participation of melanocytes in the protective function of the epidermis.

[Cytophysiology of lung bronchiolar secretory cells--source of inflammation "antimediators"]. / Tsitofiziologiia sekretornykh sekretornykh bronkhioliatnykh kletok legkogo--istochnika "antimediatorov" vospaleniia.

Literature and original authors' data on topography, structural organization and function of secretory bronchiolar Clara cells of the lungs in various representatives of mammals and humans are analyzed. Involvement of Clara cells in bronchiolar clearance, metabolization of xenobiotics and carcinogenic substances, synthesis of specific low molecular proteins (SLP), antimediators of inflammation. Special attention is drawn to the SLP properties; proteins with antiprotease properties are revealed among SLP. Other proteins are modulators of local inflammatory resection in the lungs or regulators of pulmonary surfactant function.

[Glycogen-like granules in human muscle-fiber mitochondria under different exposures]. / Glikogenopodobnye granuly v mitokhondiiakh myshechnykh volokon cheloveka pri razlichnykh vozdeistviiakh.

Our work was aimed to study glycogen-like granules in muscular fibres mitochondria under action of different factors (maximum physical load, hypokinesia and saturation of the organism with carbohydrates). Swelled mitochondria with glycogen-like granules were shown in muscular fibres in physical load. Similar mitochondria but without granules were observed in hypokinesia. In saturation with carbohydrates granule-containing mitochondria were not rarely encountered, so as myelin figures instead of mitochondria with plenty of glycogen-like granules seen in the centre. Glycogen-like granules appearance in mitochondria is likely to be an original adaptation, aimed to maintain energy production on a certain level.

[An analysis of the factor structure of the histochemical phenotype of normal muscle fiber and muscle fiber during a change in the functional load]. / Analiz faktornoi struktury gistokhimicheskogo fenotipa myshechnogo volokna v norme i pri izmenenii funktsionalnoi nagruzki.

Using dispersive and factor analyses of the serial sections of the skeletal muscle tissue it has been shown that the activity of myosin Ca-ATPase is the most essential parameter in the definition of the phenotype of skeletal muscle fiber according to its functional and metabolic characteristics. The stability of this parameter during different functional loadings permits to recommend it as the major one in the definition of the fiber phenotype.

[Reaction of human skeletal muscle fiber to a one-time physical load]. / Reaktsiia skeletnogo myshechnogo volokna cheloveka na odnokratnuiu fizicheskuiu nagruzku.

NADH-tetrazolium reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity, glycogen concentration and ultrastructure of muscular fiber of a human being was studied before and after single physical load to refusal. The revealed individual peculiarities of fiber reaction in different people allow to divide all tested people into two subgroups according to the change of succinate dehydrogenase activity.

[Features of the response of human striated muscle fibers to hypokinesia combined with physical loading]. / Osobennosti reaktsii ischerchennogo volokna skeletnoi myshtsy cheloveka pri gipokinezii v sochetanii s fizicheskoi nagruzkoi.

Antiorthostatic hypokinesia for 30 days produces in human beings certain atrophic changes and decreasing metabolic level in both types of the skeletal muscle fibers, the metabolic activity being more decreased in the fibers of the II type. The physical loading of speed-power character does not prevent atrophy phenomena, nevertheless produces an increase of the metabolic activity in both types of the fibers. Changes of adaptive character, resulted from the physical loading, do not ensure a complete compensation of the negative hypoxic effect, especially in relation to contractile structures of the fiber.

[Effect of retinoids on rat spleen]. / Deistvie retinoidov na selezenku krys.

It has been shown in experiments on Wistar male rats with the use of light and electron microscopy and morphometry that a single intraperitoneal injection of high doses of all-trans-methylretinoate and methyl-7,8- dihydroretinoate leads to an increase in the spleen weight, the appearance in the spleen of red cells changed in the shape, activation of phagocytic intensity of macrophages, intercellular interaction, lymphocyte proliferation and formation of new lymph follicles.