[Indications for one-stage and delayed urethrectomy after radical cystectomy in patients with invasive cancer of the urinary bladder]. / Pokazaniia k odnomomentnoi i otsrochennoi uretréktomii posle radikal'noi tsistéktomii u bol'nykh invazivnym rakom mochevogo puzyria.

Our aim was to determine indications for urethrectomy in patients with muscle-invasive cancer of the urinary bladder (UBC) which is essential for choice of urine derivation. A total of 51 patients with invasive UBC at the age of 33-78 years (mean age 60 years) were treated: 7 patients with pT2bN0M0, 1 patient with pT2bN1M0, 18 patients with pT3aN0M0, 3 patients with pT3aN1M0, 14 patients with pT3bN0M0, 6 patients with pT4aN0M0, 2 patients with pT4bN0M0. Urethrectomy was indicated for men with involvement of the prostatic urethra (stage t4a) and urinary bladder cervix, multiple tumors of the bladder, pelvic lymph node lesions, detection of tumor cells by instant biopsy in the free urethral edge, poor differentiation of the tumor (G3) in combination with one of the above factors, emergence of urethrorrhagia late after cystectomy; for women with involvement of the bladder cervix and Lieutaud's triangle in combination with poor differentiation of the tumor cells (G3). Cystectomy was followed by urine derivation of the following type: uretero-ureteroanastomosis with nephrostomy (n = 2), ureterocutaneostomy (n = 3), Briker's operation (n = 22), ureterosygmoanastomosis with creation of sigmoid reservoir (method Mainz pouch II) (n = 21), Studer orthotopic plastic reconstruction (n = 2) and Hautmann plastic surgery (n = 1). Urethrectomy was made in 16 patients. One-stage operation was conducted in 14 patients (suprapubic approach--8 males, perineal one--in 6 females). Delayed urethrectomy was made in 2 patients. Intra- and postoperative complications caused by urethral removal were absent. Corrected 2-year survival for all 51 patients was 70.8 +/- 11.3%. Among the deceased were 2 patients who had undergone urethrectomy at the stage T2b and T4a 5 and 8 months after primary operation, respectively. Thus, we believe that urethrectomy must be made in the above indications and poor differentiation of the tumor cells (G3).

[Radical treatment of invasive bladder cancer]. / Radikal'noe lechenie invazivnogo raka mochevogo puzyria.

We have conducted a retrospective analysis of radical cystectomy in 53 patients (45 males and 8 females, 85 and 15%, respectively) with invasive bladder cancer (BC) treated in the Research Institute of Urology in 1997-2002. Stages T2N0M0, pT3aN0M0, T3bN0M0, pT4aN0M0, pT4aN1-2M0 were in 4 (7.5%), 13 (25%), 21 (40%), 7 (12.5%), 8 (15%) cases, respectively. Well differentiated transitional cell BC (G1) was detected in 1 (2%) patient, moderately differentiated (G2) in 16 (30%) cases, poorly differentiated (G3) in 36 (68%) patients. The following methods of urine derivation were used: orthotopic plastic surgery (n = 3, 6%), ureterocutaneostomy (n = 4, 8%), Mainz pouch II operation (n = 16, 30%), Hassan operation (n = 5, 9%), Bricker procedure (n = 22, 44%), transureteroanastomosis (n = 3, 6%). In the postoperative period there was one lethal outcome, early complications in 5 (9%) patients, late complications in 9 (17%) patients. Distant metastases to the lungs, bones and iliac lymph nodes after treatment were detected in 3, 2 and 3 patients, respectively. One patient had a local pelvic recurrence. For 53 patients 2-year corrected survival was 68 +/- 12.0%. We have come to the conclusion that the only radical surgical treatment of invasive BC is cystectomy, limitations to which are connected only with complexity of subsequent urine derivation.

[Transurethral endoscopic dissection of the bladder neck and prostate]. / Transuretral'noe éndoskopicheskoe rassechenie sheiki mochevogo puzyria i predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Transurethral endoscopic incision of the neck of the bladder and the prostate was conducted for elimination of infravesical obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of a small size and sclerosis of the bladder neck or prostate. 37 patients aged 22-85 years were treated: 17 had BPH and 20 had bladder neck sclerosis (primary in 2 and secondary in 18 patients). In 4 cases the incision was combined with internal urethrotomy, in 4 with cystolithotripsy and in 2 with transurethral resection of the bladder. The diagnosis was made basing on routine blood counts, urinalysis, x-ray, ultrasonic, uroflowmetry and pathomorphological investigations. The last stage of the examination was urethrocystoscopy made shortly before operation. The symptoms were evaluated according to answers in the J-PSS questionnaire. Anesthesia was only intravenous or epidural. A spicular Collins electrode cut at 5 and 7 of the assumed dial. After hemostasis an urethral catheter was inserted for 24-48 hours. The intervention lasted 15 minutes, no lethal outcomes occurred. Marked symptomatic improvement was achieved in 36 patients (97%). BPH cut was uneffective in one patient who subsequently underwent transurethral resection.