ABSTRACT
We describe the clinical case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction treated with t-PA fibrinolysis, who developed renal failure and cutaneous lesions of the livedo reticularis type, probably caused by embolization of cholesterol crystals. The main characteristics of this rare clinical entity are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Embolism, Cholesterol/complications , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Skin Diseases, Vascular/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Thrombolytic TherapyABSTRACT
Double orifice mitral valve is a rare congenital malformation. Most commonly it is associated with other cardiac diseases, usually in children. The echocardiographic technique has allowed a noninvasive and more frequent detection of this entity. The isolated occurrence of this anomaly is exceptional. We present the case of a 68-year-old male with double orifice mitral valve presented with severe mitral regurgitation secondary to chords rupture, without any other congenital malformations.
Subject(s)
Heart Rupture/etiology , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Mitral Valve/abnormalities , Aged , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Electrocardiography , Heart Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valve Diseases/congenital , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Six hundred and four serial transvaginal sonograms were performed in 70 normal and healthy women throughout an ovulatory cycle. The endometrium was classified in 4 types (0, 1, 2 and 3) according to: the aspect of the myometria-endometrium and endometrium-endometrium interfaces, and the texture and thickness of the functional layer. Type 0 appears as a smooth, pencil line endometrium. Type 1 has a trilaminar structure with an iso or hypoechoic functional layer. Type 2 is also trilaminar, but myometria-endometrium interfaces are thicker than type 1. Type 3 appears as a thick and homogeneously echogenic image. The relative frequency of each type of endometrium was determined for every day of the menstrual cycle. Day 0 was defined sonographically as the day of follicle rupture. Type 0 was found during and immediately after menstruation. Type 1 was seen during mid-follicular phase and until day +2. Types 2 and 3 were observed post ovulatory in 100% of the cases. The endometrium increases in thickness more during preovulatory phase (mean: 5.5 mm), than in the luteal phase (mean: 2.6 mm). We conclude that this working classification of the endometrium is useful in clinical practice when associated to the ultrasonographic aspect of the ovaries and the moment of the menstrual cycle.
