[Active chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori]. / Aktivnyi khronicheskii gastrit i Helicobacter pylori.

Biopsies from fundal and pyloric regions of the stomach of 140 patients with histologic signs of active chronic gastritis (ACG) are studied. Two types of ACG are distinguished: associated with HP and HP-negative. Inflammatory reaction in the foveal epithelium and lamina propria of the mucous membrane is characteristic for the ACG of the former type. The latter is characterized by infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes of the surface epithelium with its degenerative changes. In the course of treatment the reduction of the number of patients with pronounced stages of ACG is observed if bismuth preparations were used. The treatment with H2-blockers did not result in the alteration of inflammatory changes this confirming the link between HP persistence and active inflammation.

[The experimental and clinical effect of ciprofloxacin on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Vliianie tsiprofloksatsina na mikrofloru zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta v éksperimente i klinike.

The study of the influence of cyprofloxacin on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract has been made under experimental and clinical conditions. As revealed in this study, cyprofloxacin produces a corrective effect on the intestinal microflora; the action of this preparation, in contrast to that of other antimicrobial preparations, is retained for a long time. In patients having duodenal ulcer with bacteriosis caused by Campylobacter pylori and with intestinal dysbacteriosis the combination of cyprofloxacin and cimetidine yields a higher therapeutic effect than the use of cimetidine alone.

[Assessment of the efficacy of de-nol and bismuth subnitrate treatment of patients with associated peptic ulcer and pyloric Helicobacter infection (experimental and clinical studies)]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti lecheniia de-nolom i oxnovnym nitratom bismuta bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu s piloricheskim kheliko-bakteriozom.

The duration of colloid bismuth subcitrate (de-nol) and bismuth subnitrate (BSN) fixation on the mucosa was studied in animal experiments and in patients suffering from peptic ulcer using scanning electron microscopy and roentgenospectral analysis. In patients suffering from peptic ulcer with pyloric chelicobacter (PC), a study was made of the relationship between the duration of bismuth drugs fixation on the mucosa and the degree of PC elimination as well as of the therapeutic efficacy in such patients of the use of de-nol and BSN. The characteristic features of the structure of de-nol granules were defined, enabling those granules to be fixed on the mucosa for more than 12 hours. In contrast to BSN, de-nol was found to possess a higher assanation capacity as regards PC. After 3 weeks of the treatment the therapeutic efficacy of de-nol was 75%, that of BSN 54%. Scanning electron microscopy is an effective method of demonstrating bismuth salts on the mucosa in negligible concentrations.

[Secretory immunoglobulin A and pyloric helicobacteriosis in patients with duodenal ulcer]. / Sekretornyi immunoglobulin A i piloricheskii khelikobakterioz u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

57 patients with duodenum ulcer were examined. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) was determined by an immunofluorescent method in the gastric and duodenum mucosa depending on the population size of pyloric helicobacter (HB). The frequency of SIgA detection in the gastric mucosa depends on the HB population size: when it is considerable SIgA was not detected in 41% cases. SIgA was detected in the gastric mucosa without pathological lesions in 85% cases, in atrophic gastritis in 70% and in superficial gastritis in 54% cases.

[State of local and total humoral immunity in duodenal ulcer with Campylobacter pylori infection]. / Sostoianie mestnogo i obshchego gumoral'nogo immuniteta pri iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatisperstnoi kishki s piloricheskim kampilobakteriozom.

A total of 83 patients with duodenal ulcer and a varying degree of gastric mucosa contamination with C. pylori were examined. Secretory IgA was less frequently detectable in the gastric juice of patients with higher level of gastric mucosa contamination with C. pylori and in lower concentrations than in the patients with a lesser C. pylori contamination. Healing of duodenal ulcer defects was associated with a decrease of gastric mucosa contamination and elevation of secretory IgA content in the gastric juice. The role of serum immunoglobulins in the gastric juice is less significant: IgG and IgA are rarely detected. Salivary content of secretory IgA depended on the gastric mucosa contamination and ulcer stage. Secretory IgA level increased by the ulcer remission, and C. pylori contamination decreased. Normal blood serum IgA, IgG, and IgM ratios were shifted in the patients with C. pylori contamination, particularly so in those with a higher level of contamination. These findings suggest a contribution of local and total immune reactions related to C. pylori to the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.

[Apoptosis and regeneration of the gastric mucosa under the action of S-phase-specific agent, hydroxyurea]. / Apoptoz i regeneratsiia slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri deistvii S-fazovo-spetsificheskogo agenta oksimocheviny.

The treatment of periodic injections of hydroxyurea to mice on the processes of regeneration in gastric mucosa was studied. In all experimental groups of animals dystrophic and atrophic changes of gastric mucosa could be observed. The phenomena of dystrophy were more pronounced. If the time of the experiment was not more than 4 days apoptosis bodies could be found only in the epithelium. The long-term duration of the experiment resulted in increased death of apoptosis bodies inside the glands, and development of atrophy of gastric mucosa.

[Fibrinoid and fibrinoid necrosis in the morphogenesis of chronic stomach ulcers (electron and light microscopy)]. / Fibrinoid i fibrinoidnyi nekroz v morfogeneze khronicheskikh iazv zheludka (élektronnaia i svetovaia mikroskopiia).

The stomach surgically removed from 38 patients because of chronic ulcers are studied. The fibrinoid necrosis zone observed at the bottom of 30 ulcers is formed of two layers out of which the superficial layer only is necrotic while the deep one represent a fibrinoid swelling. The latter consists of the network of collagen fibers and fibrin elements with surviving connective tissue cells. Two processes going into the opposite directions take place on the border between the fibrinoid zone and granulation tissue: the spread of the fibrinoid to the granulation tissue and its organization by the granulation tissue elements. Interrelationship between these processes as well as the intensity of the fibrinoid necrosis rejection from the surface determines the thickness of the zone. Fibrinoid prevents the stomach wall digestion but at the same time inhibits the ulcer healing.

[The resonance nature of the dependence of epithelial lesions of the small intestine in mice on the interval between injections of an S-phase-specific agent--hydroxyurea]. / Rezonansnyi kharakter zavisimosti porazheniia épiteliia tonkoi kishki myshei ot intervala mezhdu in''ektsiiami S-fazospetsificheskogo agenta--oksimocheviny.

The dependence of the injury of murine small intestinal epithelium on the interval between multiple regular injections of hydroxyurea (HU) was investigated. Mice were injected 8 times with HU (5 mg per injection) in different experimental groups of animals, and the interval between injections varied from 6 to 19 hours. With the intervals between the injections close to 8 or 16.5 hours the resonance decrease of the injury was observed whereas the intervals of 6, 12 and 19 hours corresponded to maximum injury.

[Significance of the intervals of hydroxyurea administration for epithelial damage to the small intestine in mice]. / Znachenie intervalov vvedeniia oksimocheviny dlia povrezhdeniia épiteliia tonkoi kishki myshei.

The states of the murine small intestinal epithelium 6, 30 and 78 h after the end of the multiple regular injections of hydroxyurea (HU) were analysed with the aid of the light and electron microscopy. The course of 6 regular injections of 5 mg/mouse HU was begun 24 h after the initiating gamma-irradiation in a dose 200 rad and the interval between injections was varied from 7 to 19 h for different experimental groups of mice. The analysis of the epithelial state revealed two minima of the tissue damage which correspond to the courses of HU injections with the intervals close 9 h and 16.5 h.

[Apoptosis and regeneration of enterocytes in experimental atrophy of the small intestine mucosa]. / Apoptoz i obnovlenie énterotsitov pri éksperimental'noi atrofii slizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki.

Apoptosis, one of the types of cell deaths, participates in regulating the size of regenerated tissue. Severe atrophy of small intestine mucosa in mice was caused by the administration of hydroxyurea solution. The degree of atrophy correlated with a lowering mitotic activity and DNA synthesis in the epithelium of crypts. Apoptotic bodies were situated above the basal membrane, in crypt lumen or were phagocytized by adjacent epithelial cells. The development of atrophy, as well as the regeneration of mucosa can be predicted by the relation between mitosis and apoptosis.

[G1 and G2 chalones of the gastric mucosa]. / Keilony G1 i G2 slizistoi obolochki zheludka.

A study was made of the action of human gastric mucosa G1 and G2 chalones on cellular regeneration of mouse gastric mucosa and of the duration of their maximal effect. Chalone fractions were obtained from the mucous membranes of 21 stomachs resected for peptic ulcer by the method of fractional ethanol precipitation. The data indicate that the maximal inhibitory action of G1 chalone occurs in 3, whereas that of chalone G2 in 6 hours. Some specificity of the action of chalones was discovered depending on the part of the gastric mucosa from which they were obtained.

[Certain Mechanisms regulating cell renewal in the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh reguliatsii kletochnogo obnovleniia v slizistoi obolochke zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni.

A study was made of the effect of an aqueous extract of human gastric mucosa on the mitotic activity of the surface epithelium of the mouse stomach. The extract was found to exert a statistically significant inhibitory action. An extract from the mucosa of the stomach resected for duodenal ulcer exerted a more pronounced inhibitory action as compared with an extract from the stomach resected for gastric ulcer. This fact may be accounted for by a greater content of mature differentiated cells in duodenal ulcer. Tissue-specific action of gastric chalone is indicated by the absence of mitotic inhibition in the small intestinal mucosa.