ABSTRACT
A case of acute destabilization of the right stifle joint associated with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and avulsion fracture of the tibial spine in a horse is reported. The diagnosis was obtained by scintigraphy and radiography. Post mortem investigations 6 weeks after injury demonstrated fibrillation of surface cartilage in regions unprotected by tibial menisci. No pathological change was demonstrated in the subchondral bone of the tibia in regions associated with loss of cartilage integrity.
Subject(s)
Horse Diseases/pathology , Joint Instability/veterinary , Osteoarthritis/veterinary , Tibial Fractures/veterinary , Animals , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Fatal Outcome , Female , Horse Diseases/etiology , Horses , Joint Instability/etiology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/veterinary , Osteoarthritis/pathology , Rupture/veterinary , Tibial Fractures/pathologyABSTRACT
The phase relationship between the periods of the respiratory and limb cycles is demonstrated in the horse ridden in the field at the canter and gallop. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, respiratory sounds, periods of ground contact of each foot and volume changes of the rib cage were measured in the normal horse exercised at the walk, trot, canter and gallop in the field. Correlation of these parameters identifies the major mechanical link establishing the coupling of lung ventilation and locomotion in the horse. The force and extent of contraction of the abdominal muscles couples the respiratory and limb cycles so that the mechanics of lung ventilation are synchronized with the mechanics of locomotion to achieve forced expiration.
