Subject(s)
Carotid Artery, Common , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Embolism, Paradoxical/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
Dupuytren's contracture is characterized by two underlying lesions, nodules and cords. These involve the palmar fascia at the distal palmar crease, especially at the level of the third and fourth rays with progressive disabling finger contracture. The superficial palmar aponeurosis appears as a thin echogenic lamellar structure overlying the flexor tendons. The demonstration of hypoechoic bands adhering to the marging of the flexor tendons and deep surface of the dermis appears to be pathognomonic of the disease. Compared to tendons, early nodules are hypoechoic and typically hypervascular whereas older nodules are iso- to hyperechoic, without hypervascular Doppler signal. Ultrasound can sometimes demonstrate arterial encasement by fibrous or scarring tissue. Ultrasound therefore is very useful for the differential diagnosis of pathologies involving the palmar surface of the hand, for the early detection of Dupuytren's contracture, and for the detection of complication, especially vascular. These data may have an impact on management.
Subject(s)
Dupuytren Contracture/diagnostic imaging , Humans , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Binary tree predictive coding (BTPC) is an efficient general-purpose still-image compression scheme, competitive with JPEG for natural image coding and with GIF for graphics. We report the extension of BTPC to video compression using motion estimation and compensation techniques which are simple, efficient, nonlinear and predictive. The new methods, binary tree recursive motion estimation coding (BTRMEC), and binary tree residue coding (BTRC) exploit the hierarchical structure of BTPC, in the first case giving progressively refined motion estimates for increasing numbers of pels and in the second case providing efficient residue coding. Compression results for BTRMEC and BTBC are compared against conventional block-based motion compensated coding as provided by MPEG. They show that both BTRMEC and BTRC are efficient methods to code video sequences.
