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1.
Microbes Environ ; 35(4)2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33177277

ABSTRACT

Bacterial cell shapes may be altered by the cell cycle, nutrient availability, environmental stress, and interactions with other organisms. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris possesses a symbiotic bacterium, Burkholderia insecticola, in its midgut crypts. This symbiont is a typical rod-shaped bacterium under in vitro culture conditions, but changes to a spherical shape inside the gut symbiotic organ of the host insect, suggesting the induction of morphological alterations in B. insecticola by host factors. The present study revealed that a deletion mutant of a peptidoglycan amidase gene (amiC), showing a filamentous chain form in vitro, adapted a swollen L-form-like cell shape in midgut crypts. Spatiotemporal observations of the ΔamiC mutant in midgut crypts revealed the induction of swollen cells, particularly prior to the molting of insects. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying in vivo-specific morphological alterations, the symbiont was cultured under 13 different conditions and its cell shape was examined. Swollen cells, similar to symbiont cells in midgut crypts, were induced when the mutant was treated with fosfomycin, an inhibitor of peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that the Burkholderia symbiont in midgut crypts is under the control of the host insect via a cell wall-attacking agent.


Subject(s)
Amidohydrolases/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Burkholderia/cytology , Burkholderia/enzymology , Peptidoglycan/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological , Amidohydrolases/metabolism , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Burkholderia/genetics , Burkholderia/physiology , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology , Heteroptera/microbiology , Heteroptera/physiology , Mutation , Symbiosis
2.
J Reprod Dev ; 62(1): 51-8, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26498204

ABSTRACT

We previously established trophoblast stem cells from mouse androgenetic embryos (AGTS cells). In this study, to further characterize AGTS cells, we compared cell proliferation activity between trophoblast stem (TS) cells and AGTS cells under fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling. TS cells continued to proliferate and maintained mitotic cell division in the presence of FGF4. After FGF4 deprivation, the cell proliferation stopped, the rate of M-phase cells decreased, and trophoblast giant cells formed. In contrast, some of AGTS cells continued to proliferate, and the rate of M-phase cells did not decrease after FGF4 deprivation, although the other cells differentiated into giant cells. RO3306, an ATP competitor that selectively inhibits CDK1, inhibited the cell proliferation of both TS and AGTS cells. Under RO3306 treatment, cell death was induced in AGTS cells but not in TS cells. These results indicate that RO3306 caused TS cells to shift mitotic cell division to endoreduplication but that some of AGTS cells did not shift to endoreduplication and induced cell death. In conclusion, the paternal genome facilitated the proliferation of trophoblast cells without FGF4 signaling.


Subject(s)
Androgens/metabolism , Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/genetics , Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Stem Cells/cytology , Trophoblasts/cytology , Animals , Cell Death , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , Female , Genome , In Situ Hybridization , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred DBA , Mitosis , Quinolines/chemistry , Signal Transduction , Thiazoles/chemistry
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