ABSTRACT
Weight gain is a frequent postoperative complication following a solid organ transplant which can be solved by bariatric surgery. The outcomes of bariatric surgery among patients with an organ transplant history are always a challengeable subject for surgeons and surgery candidates. In this review article, we aim to investigate the existence literature about the rates of morbidity and mortality, frequent complications in terms of graft function, remission in diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders, hepatic and renal functions, and immunosuppressive stability, as well as the safety of bariatric surgery among patients.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is caused by a defect of diaphragm. The incidence of CDH is 1/3600 in new births in the US, causing pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. In rare cases, the late presentation in adulthood is reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 31-year-old female with respiratory distress and gastrointestinal disease, diagnosed on X-ray chest and abdomen CT scan as CDH case, which was in left-sided diaphragm. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Left posterolateral thoracotomy was performed for this patient. The patient with late diaphragmatic hernias presentation had a variety of symptoms, but diagnosis was very difficult. CONCLUSION: In this super rare case, the patient had a mix of bariatric surgery complications such as excessive weight loss. Additional investigation and research are necessary to better detect this type of disease.
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Background: There is a correlation between gut microbiota and cognitive function. The mechanisms and pathways explain why the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery is lower than in other people with obesity. Methods: In this review article, we aim to discuss the association of obesity, cognitive impairment, and physiological changes after bariatric surgery. Results: Bariatric surgery has a series of physiological benefits which may lead to an improvement in cognitive functions in individuals who are prone to later developing Alzheimer's disease. Also, taxonomical change in the gut microbiome profile provides a healthy condition for living with better levels of cognition without neuropathological damages in older ages. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a possible correlation between cognitive dysfunction and increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in people with a BMI higher than 40 kg/m2. Bariatric surgery may increase neurotransmitters and improve the gut bacteria, leading to a significant reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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BACKGROUND: Several studies have pointed out that certain snake venoms contain compounds presenting cytotoxic activities that selectively interfere with cancer cell metabolism. In this study, Pseudocerastes persicus venom and its fractions were investigated for their anticancer potential on lung cancer cells. METHODS: Lung cancer cells (A549) and normal fibroblast cells (Hu02) were treated with the P. persicus venom and its HPLC fractions and the cell cytotoxic effects were analyzed using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Apoptosis was determined in venom-treated cell cultures using caspase-3 and caspase-9 assay kits. RESULTS: The treatment of cells with HPLC fraction 21 (25-35 kDa) of P. persicus venom resulted in high LDH release in normal fibroblast cells and high caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in lung cancer cells. These results indicate that fraction 21 induces apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas necrosis is predominantly caused by cell death in the normal cells. Fraction 21 at the final concentration of 10 µg/mL killed approximately 60% of lung cancer cells, while in normal fibroblast cells very low cell cytotoxic effect was observed. CONCLUSION: HPLC fraction 21 at low concentrations displayed promising anticancer properties with apoptosis induction in the lung cancer cells. This fraction may, therefore, be considered a promising candidate for further studies.
ABSTRACT
Several studies have pointed out that certain snake venoms contain compounds presenting cytotoxic activities that selectively interfere with cancer cell metabolism. In this study, Pseudocerastes persicus venom and its fractions were investigated for their anticancer potential on lung cancer cells. Methods: Lung cancer cells (A549) and normal fibroblast cells (Hu02) were treated with the P. persicus venom and its HPLC fractions and the cell cytotoxic effects were analyzed using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Apoptosis was determined in venom-treated cell cultures using caspase-3 and caspase-9 assay kits. Results: The treatment of cells with HPLC fraction 21 (25-35 kDa) of P. persicus venom resulted in high LDH release in normal fibroblast cells and high caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in lung cancer cells. These results indicate that fraction 21 induces apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas necrosis is predominantly caused by cell death in the normal cells. Fraction 21 at the final concentration of 10 μg/mL killed approximately 60% of lung cancer cells, while in normal fibroblast cells very low cell cytotoxic effect was observed. Conclusion: HPLC fraction 21 at low concentrations displayed promising anticancer properties with apoptosis induction in the lung cancer cells. This fraction may, therefore, be considered a promising candidate for further studies.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Snake Venoms/chemical synthesis , Apoptosis , Cell Culture Techniques , Cytotoxins/analysis , Lung NeoplasmsABSTRACT
The venom proteomes of Toxicocalamus longissimus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus, a fossorial and a marine species, respectively, of the Hydrophiinae genus of Elapidae, were investigated by Edman degradation of RP-HPLC isolated proteins, and de novo MS/MS sequencing of in-gel derived tryptic peptide ions. The toxin arsenal of T. longissimus is made up of 1-2 type-I PLA(2) molecules, which account for 6.5% of the venom proteins, a minor PIII-SVMP (1.4% of the venom toxins), and ~20 members of the 3FTx family comprising 92% of the venom proteome. Seventeen proteins (5 type-I PLA(2)s and 12 3FTxs) were found in the venom of H. cyanocinctus. Three-finger toxins and type-I PLA(2) proteins comprise, respectively, 81% and 19% of its venom proteome. The simplicity of the H. cyanocinctus venom proteome is highlighted by the fact that only 6 venom components (3 short-chain neurotoxins, two long-chain neurotoxins, and one PLA(2) molecule) exhibit relative abundances >5%. As expected from its high neurotoxin abundance, the LD(50) for mice of H. cyanocinctus venom was fairly low, 0.132µg/g (intravenous) and 0.172µg/g (intraperitoneal). Our data indicate that specialization towards a lethal cocktail of 3FTx and type-I PLA(2) molecules may represent a widely adopted trophic solution throughout the evolution of Elapidae. Our results also points to a minimization of the molecular diversity of the toxin arsenal of the marine snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus in comparison to the venom proteome of its terrestrial relatives, and highlight that the same evolutionary solution, economy of the toxin arsenal, has been convergently adopted by different taxa in response to opposite selective pressures, loss and gain of neurotoxicity.
