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1.
Codas ; 36(4): e20230072, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38922245

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between the number of permanent teeth and the use of removable dental prostheses with self-reported dysphagia occurrence in individuals aged 60 years or older. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,432 old individuals who participated in the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Elderly Health (ELSI-Brazil). The outcome "dysphagia" was associated with the number of permanent teeth and the use of removable dental prostheses. Sociodemographic independent variables (age, sex, and race/ethnicity) and clinical history variables (no morbidity, one morbidity, or more than two morbidities) were analyzed using Poisson Regression with robust variance and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported dysphagia in non-institutionalized old individuals was 30%. The group of old individuals with 10 - 19 natural teeth showed a 52% increased risk of self-reported dysphagia complaint (PRadj 1,565 IC95% 1,34;1,826) compared to their counterparts with more teeth. CONCLUSION: An association was found between a lower number of teeth and removable prostheses with the occurrence of dysphagia.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre o número de dentes e uso de prótese dentária removível e a ocorrência de disfagia autorreferida em idosos de 60 anos ou mais. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 5.432 idosos, que participaram da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Idoso (ELSI-Brasil). O desfecho "disfagia" foi associado ao número de dentes permanentes e ao uso de prótese dentária removível. As variáveis independentes sociodemográficas (idade, sexo e cor/raça) e de histórico clínico (nenhuma morbidade, uma morbidade ou mais de duas morbidades) utilizando Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% foram analisados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de disfagia autorreferida nos idosos não institucionalizados foi de 30%. O grupo de idosos com 10 ­ 19 dentes permanentes apresentou um risco de 52% de queixa de disfagia autorreferida (RPaj 1,565 IC95% 1,34;1,826) se comparado com seus pares com mais dentes. CONCLUSÃO: foi encontrada associação entre o menor número de dentes e próteses removíveis com a ocorrência de disfagia.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Dental Prosthesis , Self Report , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Male , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Aged , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Dental Prosthesis/statistics & numerical data , Longitudinal Studies , Aged, 80 and over , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tooth Loss/epidemiology , Tooth Loss/complications
2.
Cien Saude Colet ; 28(9): 2653-2663, 2023 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37672454

ABSTRACT

Cognitive health plays an important role in the quality of life and autonomy of older adults. and it is influenced by hearing ability. This article aims to analyze the association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 4,977 older adults who participated in ELSI Brazil 2015. The cognitive impairment status (outcome. categorized as "yes" and "no") and variable of interest (self-perceived hearing status. categorized as "good" "fair" and "poor") were obtained using a self-report method. The following domains were considered for cognition: temporal orientation. memory (short and long term). and language (recent and late). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to assess the self-perceived hearing status-cognitive impairment association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Sociodemographic. lifestyle. and medical history variables were used to adjust the analyses. We found that 31.8% of the participants reported fair or poor hearing and 42% had cognitive impairment. In the adjusted analysis. older adults with poor hearing were revealed to have a stronger association with cognitive impairment than their peers with good hearing. Therefore. in older Brazilian adults. lower self-perceived hearing status is associated higher levels of cognitive impairment.


Saúde cognitiva é um fator importante para qualidade de vida e a autonomia dos idosos, sendo influenciada pela capacidade auditiva. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre autopercepção auditiva e comprometimento cognitivo em idosos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 4.977 idosos que participaram do ELSI Brasil 2015. Comprometimento cognitivo (desfecho, categorizado como sim e não) e a variável de interesse (autopercepção auditiva, categorizada como boa, regular e ruim), ambos obtidos de forma autorreferida. Para a cognição foram considerados os domínios orientação temporal, memória (curto e longo prazo) e linguagem (recente e tardia). Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com estimativa de variância robusta para aferir a associação nas análises bruta e ajustada. Variáveis sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e de histórico clínico foram utilizadas para ajuste das análises. Dos participantes, 31,8% relataram audição regular ou ruim e 42% apresentaram comprometimento cognitivo. Na análise ajustada, idosos com audição ruim apresentaram maior força de associação com comprometimento cognitivo, em comparação com seus pares com audição boa. Em idosos brasileiros, quanto pior a autopercepção auditiva, maior a associação com o comprometimento cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Quality of Life , Humans , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology , Hearing
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(9): 2653-2663, Sept. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505969

ABSTRACT

Resumo Saúde cognitiva é um fator importante para qualidade de vida e a autonomia dos idosos, sendo influenciada pela capacidade auditiva. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre autopercepção auditiva e comprometimento cognitivo em idosos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 4.977 idosos que participaram do ELSI Brasil 2015. Comprometimento cognitivo (desfecho, categorizado como sim e não) e a variável de interesse (autopercepção auditiva, categorizada como boa, regular e ruim), ambos obtidos de forma autorreferida. Para a cognição foram considerados os domínios orientação temporal, memória (curto e longo prazo) e linguagem (recente e tardia). Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com estimativa de variância robusta para aferir a associação nas análises bruta e ajustada. Variáveis sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e de histórico clínico foram utilizadas para ajuste das análises. Dos participantes, 31,8% relataram audição regular ou ruim e 42% apresentaram comprometimento cognitivo. Na análise ajustada, idosos com audição ruim apresentaram maior força de associação com comprometimento cognitivo, em comparação com seus pares com audição boa. Em idosos brasileiros, quanto pior a autopercepção auditiva, maior a associação com o comprometimento cognitivo.


Abstract Cognitive health plays an important role in the quality of life and autonomy of older adults. and it is influenced by hearing ability. This article aims to analyze the association between self-perceived hearing status and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 4,977 older adults who participated in ELSI Brazil 2015. The cognitive impairment status (outcome. categorized as "yes" and "no") and variable of interest (self-perceived hearing status. categorized as "good" "fair" and "poor") were obtained using a self-report method. The following domains were considered for cognition: temporal orientation. memory (short and long term). and language (recent and late). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to assess the self-perceived hearing status-cognitive impairment association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Sociodemographic. lifestyle. and medical history variables were used to adjust the analyses. We found that 31.8% of the participants reported fair or poor hearing and 42% had cognitive impairment. In the adjusted analysis. older adults with poor hearing were revealed to have a stronger association with cognitive impairment than their peers with good hearing. Therefore. in older Brazilian adults. lower self-perceived hearing status is associated higher levels of cognitive impairment.

4.
Cancers (Basel) ; 14(14)2022 07 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35884365

ABSTRACT

Population-based net survival is an important tool for assessing prognostic advances. The unbiased Pohar Perme Estimator (PPE) was suggested in 2012 and soon established itself as the gold standard for estimating net survival. This scoping review aims to know in which context this estimator is being used in the oncology area, what the authors point out as a justification for its use, and the limitations found. We searched PubMed, and the grey literature to answer the question: Have studies involving patients diagnosed with cancer used the PPE to estimate cancer-specific survival? How do they justify the use of the PPE and what are the limitations pointed out? Out of 295 screened, 85 studies were included in this review. The two main characteristics of the PPE mentioned by the studies as justification were the fact that it is an unbiased estimator (83.5%) and that it produces comparable estimates among populations with different mortality rates from causes other than cancer (36.47%). No study pointed to a limitation due to the use of PPE. As a conclusion, the Pohar Perme Estimator is the gold standard for estimating net survival and should be more used in oncology, especially when dealing with population-based studies where the follow-up time is long, making high the probability of death from causes other than cancer.

5.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(5): 1919-1928, 2022 May.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35544819

ABSTRACT

This article aims to verify the association between race/skin color and access to post-stroke rehabilitation services. It is a cross-sectional population-based study including 966 post-stroke adults (≥18 years) that responded to the National Health Survey (PNS). The outcome, access to rehabilitation, and exposure (race/skin color) were collected in a self-reported manner. Socio-demographic variables, clinical history, healthcare plan and post-stroke limitation were considered for the adjustment. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate the association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Based on the sample, 51.8% are self-declared black and 61.4% require rehabilitation, with only 20% having access to the rehabilitation service. Difficulty in accessing rehabilitation was reported by 57.5% of other self-declared races, 43% blacks, and 35.4% whites. In the adjusted analysis, 4% of self-declared black (PR 1.04, CI95%1.00-1.08) and 17% of self-declared yellow and indigenous (PR 1.17, IC95%1.13-1.20) have less access to rehabilitation than their white peers. In Brazil, self-declared black and yellow and indigenous people have worst access to post-stroke rehabilitation in comparison with self-declared white people, highlighting racial inequities in rehabilitation in stroke survivors.


O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação raça/cor e acesso a serviços de reabilitação pós-AVC. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 966 adultos (≥18 anos) pós-AVC, respondentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Desfecho, acesso à reabilitação, e exposição (raça/cor) foram coletados de modo autorreferido. Variáveis sociodemográficas, histórico clínico, plano de saúde e limitação pós-AVC foram considerados para o ajuste. Regressão de Poisson com estimativa de variância robusta foi utilizada para estimar a associação nas análises bruta e ajustada. Da amostra total, 51,8% são autodeclarados negros ou outras raças, 61,4% demandam por reabilitação, sendo que apenas 20% têm acesso ao serviço de reabilitação. Dificuldade em acessar reabilitação foi referida por 57,5% dos autodeclarados amarelos ou indígenas, 43% dos negros, e 35,4% dos brancos. Na análise ajustada, negros têm 4% menos acesso à reabilitação se comparados com seus pares brancos (RP 1,04, IC95% 1,00-1,08). Pessoas da raça amarela ou indígena 17% menos acesso que brancos (RP 1,17, IC95% 1,13-1,20). No Brasil, autodeclarados negros, amarelos, indígenas e outros têm pior acesso à reabilitação pós-AVC quando comparados aos autodeclarados brancos, apontando iniquidades raciais na reabilitação em sobreviventes de AVC.


Subject(s)
Stroke , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Humans , Self Report , Stroke/epidemiology
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(5): 1919-1928, maio 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374982

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação raça/cor e acesso a serviços de reabilitação pós-AVC. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 966 adultos (≥18 anos) pós-AVC, respondentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Desfecho, acesso à reabilitação, e exposição (raça/cor) foram coletados de modo autorreferido. Variáveis sociodemográficas, histórico clínico, plano de saúde e limitação pós-AVC foram considerados para o ajuste. Regressão de Poisson com estimativa de variância robusta foi utilizada para estimar a associação nas análises bruta e ajustada. Da amostra total, 51,8% são autodeclarados negros ou outras raças, 61,4% demandam por reabilitação, sendo que apenas 20% têm acesso ao serviço de reabilitação. Dificuldade em acessar reabilitação foi referida por 57,5% dos autodeclarados amarelos ou indígenas, 43% dos negros, e 35,4% dos brancos. Na análise ajustada, negros têm 4% menos acesso à reabilitação se comparados com seus pares brancos (RP 1,04, IC95% 1,00-1,08). Pessoas da raça amarela ou indígena 17% menos acesso que brancos (RP 1,17, IC95% 1,13-1,20). No Brasil, autodeclarados negros, amarelos, indígenas e outros têm pior acesso à reabilitação pós-AVC quando comparados aos autodeclarados brancos, apontando iniquidades raciais na reabilitação em sobreviventes de AVC.


Abstract This article aims to verify the association between race/skin color and access to post-stroke rehabilitation services. It is a cross-sectional population-based study including 966 post-stroke adults (≥18 years) that responded to the National Health Survey (PNS). The outcome, access to rehabilitation, and exposure (race/skin color) were collected in a self-reported manner. Socio-demographic variables, clinical history, healthcare plan and post-stroke limitation were considered for the adjustment. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate the association in the crude and adjusted analyses. Based on the sample, 51.8% are self-declared black and 61.4% require rehabilitation, with only 20% having access to the rehabilitation service. Difficulty in accessing rehabilitation was reported by 57.5% of other self-declared races, 43% blacks, and 35.4% whites. In the adjusted analysis, 4% of self-declared black (PR 1.04, CI95%1.00-1.08) and 17% of self-declared yellow and indigenous (PR 1.17, IC95%1.13-1.20) have less access to rehabilitation than their white peers. In Brazil, self-declared black and yellow and indigenous people have worst access to post-stroke rehabilitation in comparison with self-declared white people, highlighting racial inequities in rehabilitation in stroke survivors.

8.
Rev. CEFAC ; 24(3): e0922, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406687

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify personal and work factors, and specialties of Brazilian speech-language therapists and audiologists who use social media profiles, professionally. Methods: an online questionnaire was used to carry out a population survey with working speech-language therapists and audiologists in Brazil, in 2020. The outcome of "How would you describe your use of social media?" was recategorized into "personal use" and "professional use". Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Multivariate prevalence ratios were adjusted using the Poisson regression model with robust variance and 95% confidence intervals. Results: out of the 442 respondents, 93.7% were females, with a mean age of 38.0 years (± 11.1). The primary outcome, "professional use of social media", occurred for 64.7% of the participants. In the multivariate analysis, private employment, participants in the 31-45 age range, and >26 years of work history after graduation were significantly associated with the professional use of social media. Conclusion: social media are used by approximately two-thirds of Brazilian speech-language therapists and audiologists. This finding suggests a need for reflection and discussion about the proper use of social media for work purposes.


RESUMO Objetivo: verificar os fatores individuais, laborais e a região de atuação dos fonoaudiólogos atuantes no Brasil, com perfil em redes sociais e que as utilizam profissionalmente. Métodos: inquérito populacional via Web, realizado com fonoaudiólogos atuantes no Brasil no ano de 2020, por meio de um questionário on-line. O desfecho "Como você descreveria seu uso das mídias sociais?" foi recategorizado em "uso pessoal" e "uso profissional". As frequências absolutas e relativas e análises multivariáveis ajustadas por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% são apresentados. Resultados: dos 442 entrevistados, 93,7% eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 38,0 anos (± 11,1). O desfecho "usar mídias sociais profissionalmente" foi encontrado em 64,7% dos entrevistados. Na análise multivariável, a relação de trabalho privada, idade entre 31 e 45 anos e mais de 26 anos de formação na graduação foram aspectos associados significantemente com o uso profissional das mídias sociais. Conclusão: aproximadamente dois terços dos fonoaudiólogos brasileiros com perfis em mídias sociais as utilizam profissionalmente, isso sugere a necessidade de reflexão e discussão sobre os caminhos desejáveis e aceitos em relação a adequada utilização destes meios para o trabalho.

10.
Cien Saude Colet ; 26(suppl 2): 3725-3732, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34468666

ABSTRACT

Hearing impairment (HI) is one of the most impacting handicaps related to social life, and 21% have intense limitation compromising daily activities. However, few studies have investigated SRH in HI. This article aims to verify the association between HI and SRH and factors related to hearing characteristics. Cross-sectional study data from National Health Survey (NHS, 2013) conducted with 1,100 hearing impaired adults (≥18 years old). The outcome was SHR, categorized as good or poor. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios. Sociodemographic variables and characteristics of HI, such as congenital or acquired HI, type of HI, wear hearing aids, and limitation were used in adjusted analysis. Poor SRH was more prevalent in acquired HI, limitation of daily activities, sociodemographic characteristics such as aging, female, black or other skin color, and lower schooling. Poor SRH is related to acquired HI, limitation of daily activities and sociodemographic conditions.


Subject(s)
Hearing Loss , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hearing , Hearing Disorders , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Humans
11.
Codas ; 33(3): e20200080, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34133611

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the distribution of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders and their association to sex and age in a representative sample of the population in southern Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey based on a household survey on Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP Study). Standardized home interviews were conducted using a questionnaire with residents of the city of Porto Alegre between 2012 and 2014. The study outcome was self-reported "speech-language and hearing disorders", constituted from the variables: language, orofacial motricity, hearing, and balance. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were performed. Multivariable prevalence ratios were estimated in an adjusted analysis using Poisson Regression with robust variation and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 1246 individuals interviewed, 918 participants were eligible for this study. Most of them were female (58.1%), and the average age was 48.9 (± 19.6) years. The outcome of speech-language and hearing disorders was found in 364 (39.4%) individuals, and the most affected age group was 60 years old or more (54.4%), with a higher prevalence in men (58.9%) than in women (51.9%). The multivariate analysis showed a significant prevalence ratio only in elderly individuals aged 60 years or older (PR 1.84; 95% CI 1.50-2.26). CONCLUSION: In this study, we did not find significant differences between sexes in the prevalence of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults. However, elderly and younger adults presented a higher prevalence of these disorders.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a distribuição dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em relação ao sexo e à faixa etária em uma amostra representativa da população do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em adultos e idosos com base em um inquérito populacional domiciliar autodeclarado sobre Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana (DCH-POP). Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares padronizadas com a aplicação de um questionário com residentes da cidade de Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2014. O desfecho estudado foi "distúrbios fonoaudiológicos", constituído a partir dos dados das variáveis: linguagem, motricidade orofacial, audição e equilíbrio. Foram realizadas análises de frequência absoluta e relativa. Razões de prevalência multivariáveis foram estimadas em análise ajustada pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Dos 1246 indivíduos entrevistados, 918 participantes foram elegíveis para este estudo. A maioria é do sexo feminino (58,1%) e a idade média foi de 48,9 (±19,6) anos. O desfecho distúrbio fonoaudiológico foi encontrado em 364 (39,4%) indivíduos, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 60 anos ou mais (54,4%), apresentando maior prevalência no sexo masculino (58,9%), do que no feminino (51,9%). Na análise multivariável ajustada verifica-se que há razão de prevalência significativa apenas em indivíduos idosos com 60 anos ou mais (RP 1,84 IC95% 1,50-2,26). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os sexos na prevalência dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em adultos e idosos. Entretanto, pessoas mais velhas apresentam maior prevalência destes, especialmente aquelas com idade entre 60 anos ou mais.


Subject(s)
Communication Disorders , Speech , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence
12.
Rev. CEFAC ; 23(4): e5321, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351496

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze synchronous teleconsultation as a support tool in the management of temporomandibular disorders in primary health care and to identify which factors have an impact on decisions about teleconsultation. Methods: retrospective study perfomed in TelessaúdeRS, between May 2018 to May 2020. This study used primary data from synchronous teleconsultation, requested by primary health care professionals and carried out by multiprofessional teleconsultants. The data collected were the information reported by the requester, the teleconsultant's suggestions and if there was referral of the patient for specialized care after teleconsultation. The statistical association was investigated between patient characteristics and decision of teleconsultation; and teleconsultation conduct suggestions and decision of teleconsultation, using Fisher's exact test and modeling was performed using binary logistic regression considering 5% of significance (p≤0.05). Results: during the period, 56 teleconsultations had a temporomandibular diagnostic hypothesis, these 79.2% patients were female and the average age was 43.7 years. In 59.1% of teleconsultations, primary care management was suggested, with 72.4% of patients being managed. An association was found between the decision of teleconsultation and referral to specialized care (p <000.1). The trauma report (p = 0.004) was associated with a greater chance of being referred for special care and suggestions for pharmacological (p <0.001) and non-pharmacological (p = 0.007) treatments were introduced among the teleconsultation managed in primary care. Conclusion: teleconsultation helped to manage the majority of temporomandibular disorder, streamlining care and having the potential to avoid unnecessary referrals to special care.

13.
CoDAS ; 33(3): e20200080, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286101

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a distribuição dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em relação ao sexo e à faixa etária em uma amostra representativa da população do sul do Brasil. Método Estudo transversal em adultos e idosos com base em um inquérito populacional domiciliar autodeclarado sobre Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana (DCH-POP). Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares padronizadas com a aplicação de um questionário com residentes da cidade de Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2014. O desfecho estudado foi "distúrbios fonoaudiológicos", constituído a partir dos dados das variáveis: linguagem, motricidade orofacial, audição e equilíbrio. Foram realizadas análises de frequência absoluta e relativa. Razões de prevalência multivariáveis foram estimadas em análise ajustada pela Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Dos 1246 indivíduos entrevistados, 918 participantes foram elegíveis para este estudo. A maioria é do sexo feminino (58,1%) e a idade média foi de 48,9 (±19,6) anos. O desfecho distúrbio fonoaudiológico foi encontrado em 364 (39,4%) indivíduos, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 60 anos ou mais (54,4%), apresentando maior prevalência no sexo masculino (58,9%), do que no feminino (51,9%). Na análise multivariável ajustada verifica-se que há razão de prevalência significativa apenas em indivíduos idosos com 60 anos ou mais (RP 1,84 IC95% 1,50-2,26). Conclusão Neste estudo não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os sexos na prevalência dos distúrbios fonoaudiológicos autorreferidos em adultos e idosos. Entretanto, pessoas mais velhas apresentam maior prevalência destes, especialmente aquelas com idade entre 60 anos ou mais.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the distribution of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders and their association to sex and age in a representative sample of the population in southern Brazil. Methods Prevalence of speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults according to sex and age: a population survey based on a household survey on Human Communication Disorders (DCH-POP Study). Standardized home interviews were conducted using a questionnaire with residents of the city of Porto Alegre between 2012 and 2014. The study outcome was self-reported "speech-language and hearing disorders", constituted from the variables: language, orofacial motricity, hearing, and balance. Analyses of absolute and relative frequencies were performed. Multivariable prevalence ratios were estimated in an adjusted analysis using Poisson Regression with robust variation and 95% confidence intervals. Results Of the 1246 individuals interviewed, 918 participants were eligible for this study. Most of them were female (58.1%), and the average age was 48.9 (± 19.6) years. The outcome of speech-language and hearing disorders was found in 364 (39.4%) individuals, and the most affected age group was 60 years old or more (54.4%), with a higher prevalence in men (58.9%) than in women (51.9%). The multivariate analysis showed a significant prevalence ratio only in elderly individuals aged 60 years or older (PR 1.84; 95% CI 1.50-2.26). Conclusion In this study, we did not find significant differences between sexes in the prevalence of self-reported speech-language and hearing disorders in elderly and younger adults. However, elderly and younger adults presented a higher prevalence of these disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Speech , Communication Disorders , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Middle Aged
15.
Codas ; 32(3): e20200144, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32578694

ABSTRACT

We present an experience report on the implementation of real-time telehealth in speech-language and hearing therapy for patients who were previously seen on an outpatient basis in a primary health care service. The Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) team was monitoring twenty-five users when the first cases of COVID-19 were notified in southern Brazil. Of these, it was judged that twelve patients required at least a monitoring call every two weeks. Teleconsultations were available in this first stage, on an emergency basis, during the implementation of the project in this format. The idea was to guarantee, due to the suspension of the SLT sessions, the maintenance of the care service for patients who could suffer worsening of their cases or even comorbidities. The appointments were carried out by video calls by SLT students, therapists of the extension project, and supervised by a speech-language therapist, synchronously. All conversations and orientations during the teleconsultation were conducted as calmly as possible and, in the case of infant patients, permeated by some playful activities. Telehealth has shown to be an efficient resource for the care of patients with SLT demands, enabling remote care with the same quality as face-to-face care. Besides, it has relevant potential, once there is a significant number of patients, who need SLT assessment and live in regions where there is a shortage of qualified professionals.


Apresentamos um relato de experiência de implementação de telefonoaudiologia em tempo real para pacientes que anteriormente eram atendidos em ambulatório em um serviço de atenção primária em saúde. No total, 25 usuários estavam sendo acompanhados pela equipe de fonoaudiologia quando da notificação dos primeiros casos de COVID-19 no sul do Brasil. Destes, julgou-se que 12 pacientes demandavam teleatendimento, pelo menos, quinzenalmente. A teleconsulta disponibilizada nesta primeira etapa, em caráter emergencial na implementação do projeto neste formato, a fim de garantir a manutenção dos atendimentos de pacientes que poderiam sofrer agravamento ou mesmo comorbidades associadas à suspensão da fonoterapia, foram realizadas por telefone, com vídeo, por estudantes de fonoaudiologia, extensionistas do projeto e supervisionadas por um fonoaudiólogo, de forma síncrona. Todas as conversas e orientações durante a teleconsulta são encaminhadas com a maior calma possível e, no caso de pacientes infantis, permeadas por algumas atividades lúdicas. A telessaúde tem se mostrado um recurso eficiente para atendimento de pacientes com demandas fonoaudiológicas, possibilitando o atendimento remoto com a mesma qualidade que o atendimento presencial. Além disso, tem potencial relevante, considerando que há um número significativo de pacientes que precisam de avaliação fonoaudiológica e residem em regiões nas quais há escassez de profissionais qualificados.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Program Development , Speech Therapy/organization & administration , Telemedicine/organization & administration , Adult , Aged , Brazil , COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Language Therapy/organization & administration , Language Therapy/psychology , SARS-CoV-2 , Speech Therapy/psychology , Telemedicine/instrumentation , Telerehabilitation/instrumentation , Telerehabilitation/organization & administration
16.
Preprint in English | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-806

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and the need for adaptation on several fronts. Updating the ways of working is necessary and promoting education and care in the health sector in line with the 21st century is essential. In addition to undergraduate students training in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) field, based on the necessary opportunities for practical experience with patients during undergraduation, a significant portion of the population is attended by school clinics linked to universities and training centers, which work in conjunction with public health services. In this text we will bring some reflections on the relevance of using telehealth technologies for speech therapists training, considering the articulation between national curricular guidelines, professional training and ethical aspects.


A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe desafios e necessidade de adaptação em diversas frentes. A atualização das formas de trabalho é necessária e promover ensino e atendimento no setor saúde condizentes com o século XXI é fundamental. Não estamos apenas tratando da formação de graduandos na área de Fonoaudiologia, mas do atendimento clínico a uma parcela significativa da população que depende dos serviços de clínicas-escola vinculadas às universidades e centros de formação em nossa profissão.Neste texto traremos algumas reflexões sobre a relevância do uso das tecnologias de telessaúde para a formação de fonoaudiólogos, considerando a articulação entre as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, a formação profissional e aspectos éticos.

17.
Preprint in English | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-610

ABSTRACT

We present an experience report on the implementation of real-time telehealth in speech-language and hearing therapy for patients who were previously seen on an outpatient basis in a primary health care service. Twenty-five users were being monitored by the Speech-Language Therapy (SLT) team when the first cases of COVID-19 were notified in southern Brazil. Of these, it was judged that twelve patients required at least a monitoring call every two weeks. Teleconsultations were available in this first stage, on an emergency basis, during the implementation of the project in this format. The idea was to guarantee, due to the suspension of the SLT sessions, the maintenance of the care service for patients who could suffer worsening of their cases or even comorbidities. The appointments were carried out by video calls by SLT students, therapists of the extension project, and supervised by a speech-language therapist, synchronously. All conversations and orientations during the teleconsultation were conducted as calmly as possible and, in the case of infant patients, permeated by some playful activities. Telehealth has shown to be an efficient resource for the care of patients with SLT demands, enabling remote care with the same quality as face-to-face care. In addition, it has relevant potential, considering that there are a significant number of patients who need SLT assessment and live in regions where there is a shortage of qualified professionals.


Apresentamos um relato de experiência de implementação de telefonoaudiologia em tempo real para pacientes que anteriormente eram atendidos em ambulatório em um serviço de atenção primária em saúde. No total, 25 usuários estavam sendo acompanhados pela equipe de fonoaudiologia quando da notificação dos primeiros casos de COVID-19 no sul do Brasil. Destes, julgou-se que 12 pacientes demandavam teleatendimento, pelo menos, quinzenalmente. A teleconsulta disponibilizada nesta primeira etapa, em caráter emergencial na implementação do projeto neste formato, a fim de garantir a manutenção dos atendimentos de pacientes que poderiam sofrer agravamento ou mesmo comorbidades associadas à suspensão da fonoterapia, foram realizadas por telefone, com vídeo, por estudantes de fonoaudiologia, extensionistas do projeto e supervisionadas por um fonoaudiólogo, de forma síncrona. Todas as conversas e orientações durante a teleconsulta são encaminhadas com a maior calma possível e, no caso de pacientes infantis, permeadas por algumas atividades lúdicas. A telessaúde tem se mostrado um recurso eficiente para atendimento de pacientes com demandas fonoaudiológicas, possibilitando o atendimento remoto com a mesma qualidade que o atendimento presencial. Além disso, tem potencial relevante, considerando que há um número significativo de pacientes que precisam de avaliação fonoaudiológica e residem em regiões nas quais há escassez de profissionais qualificados.

18.
Cien Saude Colet ; 25(3): 817-825, 2020 Mar.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32159652

ABSTRACT

To estimate the prevalence of access and use of speech-language therapy services and identify the variables associated with access. Cross-sectional population-based study. The sample consisted of adult individuals living in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The data were collected using an instrument constructed with domains of national research questionnaires, with a module on speech-language therapy. The outcome was the access to a speech-language therapist. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 214 people participated in the study, of which 67.3% (n = 144) were female. The mean age was 54.28 (SD±18.83) years. Fifty-six (26.2%) people mentioned the need for speech-language therapy consultation. All 56 subjects were able to perform speech-language therapy, of which 69.4% (n = 39) in private practice and 19.6% (n=11) used healthcare insurance plans at partnering providers. In the final model, the highest prevalence of access was associated with female (PR=1.09,95%CI1.01-1.18) and had some deficiency (PR = 1.09,95%CI1.03-1.17). Access to a speech-language therapist is more frequent in private services. It is observed that women and the disabled individuals have a higher prevalence of access to speech-language therapist.


O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de acesso e uso dos serviços de Fonoaudiologia e identificar as variáveis associadas ao acesso. Estudo transversal de base populacional. A amostra foi composta de indivíduos adultos residentes em Porto Alegre/RS. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um instrumento construído com domínios de questionários de pesquisas nacionais, com um módulo sobre Fonoaudiologia. O desfecho estudado foi o acesso ao fonoaudiólogo. Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Aceitaram participar deste estudo 214 pessoas, das quais 67,3% (n = 144) eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 54,28 (±18,83) anos. Referiram necessidade de consulta fonoaudiológica 56 (26,2%) pessoas. Todos os 56 indivíduos conseguiram realizar atendimento fonoaudiológico, dos quais 69,4% (n = 39) em consultório particular e 19,6% (n = 11) em consultório conveniado ao plano de saúde. No modelo final, maior prevalência de acesso foi associada ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,09; IC95% 1,01-1,18) e possuir alguma deficiência (RP = 1,09; IC95% 1,03-1,17). O acesso ao fonoaudiólogo é mais frequente de forma privada. Observa-se que as mulheres e deficientes possuem maior prevalência de acesso ao fonoaudiólogo.


Subject(s)
Facilities and Services Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Language Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Speech Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
19.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 25(3): 817-825, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089491

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência de acesso e uso dos serviços de Fonoaudiologia e identificar as variáveis associadas ao acesso. Estudo transversal de base populacional. A amostra foi composta de indivíduos adultos residentes em Porto Alegre/RS. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um instrumento construído com domínios de questionários de pesquisas nacionais, com um módulo sobre Fonoaudiologia. O desfecho estudado foi o acesso ao fonoaudiólogo. Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foi utilizada para cálculo de Razões de Prevalência com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Aceitaram participar deste estudo 214 pessoas, das quais 67,3% (n = 144) eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 54,28 (±18,83) anos. Referiram necessidade de consulta fonoaudiológica 56 (26,2%) pessoas. Todos os 56 indivíduos conseguiram realizar atendimento fonoaudiológico, dos quais 69,4% (n = 39) em consultório particular e 19,6% (n = 11) em consultório conveniado ao plano de saúde. No modelo final, maior prevalência de acesso foi associada ao sexo feminino (RP = 1,09; IC95% 1,01-1,18) e possuir alguma deficiência (RP = 1,09; IC95% 1,03-1,17). O acesso ao fonoaudiólogo é mais frequente de forma privada. Observa-se que as mulheres e deficientes possuem maior prevalência de acesso ao fonoaudiólogo.


Abstract To estimate the prevalence of access and use of speech-language therapy services and identify the variables associated with access. Cross-sectional population-based study. The sample consisted of adult individuals living in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The data were collected using an instrument constructed with domains of national research questionnaires, with a module on speech-language therapy. The outcome was the access to a speech-language therapist. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 214 people participated in the study, of which 67.3% (n = 144) were female. The mean age was 54.28 (SD±18.83) years. Fifty-six (26.2%) people mentioned the need for speech-language therapy consultation. All 56 subjects were able to perform speech-language therapy, of which 69.4% (n = 39) in private practice and 19.6% (n=11) used healthcare insurance plans at partnering providers. In the final model, the highest prevalence of access was associated with female (PR=1.09,95%CI1.01-1.18) and had some deficiency (PR = 1.09,95%CI1.03-1.17). Access to a speech-language therapist is more frequent in private services. It is observed that women and the disabled individuals have a higher prevalence of access to speech-language therapist.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Speech Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Facilities and Services Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Language Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Middle Aged
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