ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to compare the condylar morphology of patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) and patients with a class III skeletal relationship using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A prospective study was conducted on patients with facial asymmetry attending the division of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the study university in Chile. Fifteen patients with UCH and 15 with a class III skeletal relationship were selected. Linear measurements of the condylar processes were obtained at a scale of 1:1 using the software Ez3D Viewer Plus. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired t-test were used, considering P<0.05. Patients with UCH presented statistical differences between the hyperplastic condyle and non-hyperplastic condyle for anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters, condylar neck length, and ramus height. Patients with a class III skeletal relationship showed no differences between the right and left sides; the morphology of their condyles was similar to the condyles with hyperplasia and presented statistical differences when compared with the non-hyperplastic condyles (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05). The condylar morphology of UCH patients could be related to the development of a class III skeletal relationship. These findings provide an insight into the possibility of some class III patients presenting bilateral condylar hyperplasia.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Facial Asymmetry/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnostic imaging , Mandibular Condyle/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Facial Asymmetry/pathology , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging , Hyperplasia/pathology , Male , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Prospective Studies , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o desempenho de uma lagoa de polimento, no tratamento de efluentes de águas residuárias de suinocultura de um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB). O sistema foi composto de decantador, reator UASB, em escala real, e lagoa de polimento em escala experimental. As análises físico-químicas realizadas foram: temperatura, pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV), nitrogênio total kjedhal (NTK), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-am.) e orgânico (N-org.), fósforo total (Pt), coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A lagoa de polimento apresentou alto desempenho, com remoção média de 58,9 por cento de DBO, 60,1 por cento de NTK, 57 por cento de N-am. e 95,34 por cento de coliformes termotolerantes.(AU)
The performance of a polishing pond for treating swine wastewater from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was evaluated. The system was assembled with a slat settler, followed by an UASB reactor, on a real scale, and a post-treatment pond, on a demonstration scale. The following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), total Kjedahl nitrogen (NTK), ammonia nitrogen (N-am.), organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total and thermotolerant coliforms. The polishing pond was highly efficient, removing an average of 58.9 percent of BOD, 60.1 percent of NTK, 57 percent of N-am., and 95.34 percent of thermotolerant coliforms.(AU)
Subject(s)
Maturing Lagoons/adverse effects , Water Purification/methods , Aerobic Treatment/methods , Organic Matter , Upflow Anaerobic Reactors/prevention & control , Livestock Industry/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o desempenho de uma lagoa de polimento, no tratamento de efluentes de águas residuárias de suinocultura de um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB). O sistema foi composto de decantador, reator UASB, em escala real, e lagoa de polimento em escala experimental. As análises físico-químicas realizadas foram: temperatura, pH, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV), nitrogênio total kjedhal (NTK), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-am.) e orgânico (N-org.), fósforo total (Pt), coliformes totais e termotolerantes. A lagoa de polimento apresentou alto desempenho, com remoção média de 58,9 por cento de DBO, 60,1 por cento de NTK, 57 por cento de N-am. e 95,34 por cento de coliformes termotolerantes.
The performance of a polishing pond for treating swine wastewater from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was evaluated. The system was assembled with a slat settler, followed by an UASB reactor, on a real scale, and a post-treatment pond, on a demonstration scale. The following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), total Kjedahl nitrogen (NTK), ammonia nitrogen (N-am.), organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total and thermotolerant coliforms. The polishing pond was highly efficient, removing an average of 58.9 percent of BOD, 60.1 percent of NTK, 57 percent of N-am., and 95.34 percent of thermotolerant coliforms.
Subject(s)
Maturing Lagoons/adverse effects , Water Purification/methods , Livestock Industry/adverse effects , Organic Matter , Upflow Anaerobic Reactors/prevention & control , Aerobic Treatment/methodsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o preenchimento dos dados sobre gravidez, parto e recém-nascido na Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e conhecer a percepção das mães sobre a função deste instrumento em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo de 797 CSC de crianças nascidas entre abril e dezembro de 2005 e entregues às mães na maternidade. Foi utilizado protocolo para avaliar as primeiras páginas da CSC por observação direta e feitas duas perguntas às mães. O preenchimento de cada item foi categorizado como presente, ausente ou incorreto. RESULTADOS: O nome da criança não estava registrado em 44 por cento das CSC. O início do pré-natal estava sem preenchimento em 40 por cento e o número de consultas, em 31 por cento. O tipo de parto estava em branco em 15 por cento das CSC; a idade gestacional, em 24 por cento; e o Apgar de cinco minutos, em 23 por cento dos casos. Peso ao nascer, comprimento e perímetro cefálico não foram informados em 9, 10 e 15 por cento, respectivamente. O campo destinado à orientação para levar o neonato à Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) no quinto dia de vida não foi preenchido em 75 por cento. Apenas 33 por cento das mães receberam explicações sobre a CSC na maternidade. Para 313 mães, a CSC estava relacionada ao acompanhamento do crescimento e/ou desenvolvimento do seu filho. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostrou falhas no preenchimento da CSC, sugerindo necessidade de esforços para que ela cumpra seu papel na promoção da saúde infantil.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate pregnancy, birth and neonatal data filling of the Child's Health Record (CHR) and study mother's perception about the function of this tool in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 797 CHR of infants born between April and December 2005 and delivered to their mothers soon after birth. A written protocol was used to assess the first pages of the CHR and mothers were asked two questions. Each CHR item was classified as correctly, incorrectly or not filled in. RESULTS: The name of the child was not in the CHR in 44 percent. The first prenatal visit and the number of prenatal visits were absent in respectively 40 and 31 percent of the records. The type of birth was not recorded in 15 percent of the CHR, as well as the gestational age in 24 percent and the Apgar score at five minutes in 23 percent. The newborns weight, length and head circumference were not informed in 9, 10 and 15 percent, respectively. The slot with the orientation to take the newborn to the first pediatric visit on the 5th day of life was blank in 75 percent. Only 32 percent of the mothers received information about the CHR at the maternity ward. To 313 mothers, the CHR was important to record follow-up of growth and/or development of their child. CONCLUSIONS: An important lack of information was noted in the CHR. Efforts should be directed to improve the quality of information in order to enhance children's health promotion.