A pilot study of indoor air quality in screen golf courses.

The aims of this study were to provide basic data for determining policies on air quality for multi-user facilities, including the legal enrollment of the indoor air quality regulation as designated by the Ministry of Environment, and to establish control plans. To this end, concentrations of ten pollutants (PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), radon (Rn), oxone (O3), total bacteria counts (TBC), and asbestos) in addition to nicotine, a smoking index material used to determine the impact of smoking on the air quality, were investigated in indoor game rooms and lobbies of 64 screen golf courses. The average concentration of none of the ten pollutants in the game rooms and lobbies of screen golf courses was found to exceed the limit set by the law. There were, however, pollutant concentrations exceeding limits in some screen golf courses, in order to establish a control plan for the indoor air quality of screen golf courses, a study on the emission sources of each pollutant was conducted. The major emission sources were found to be facility users' activities such as smoking and the use of combustion appliances, building materials, and finishing materials.

Cultural heritage: a potential pollution source in museum.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study, as part of research projects for establishing the preservation environment of domestic cultural properties, are to identify the hazardous environmental factors which have a possibility to cause damages on long-term preservation of cultural heritage within the museum exhibition halls and the storages area, and to provide the basic data for the future establishment of preservation environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The temperature (23.5 and 20.6°C,) relative humidity (52.1% and 55.4%), PM10 (31.5 and 18.9 µg/m3), CO2 (472.7 and 526.8 ppm), HCHO (20.8 and 34.0 µg/m3), CO (0.3 and 0.3 ppm), NO2 (0.012 and 0.004 ppm), TVOCs (493.6 and 788.9 µg/m3), O3 (0.003 and 0.002 ppm), Rn (0.7 and 1.5 pCi/L), and SO2 (0.003 and 0.002 ppm) as chemical factors, and airborne bacteria and fungi as biological factors, were selected for this research subjects of hazardous environmental factors, which were the subjects of the study conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage from 2006 to 2008, and the subjects of related domestic researches performed in fragments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The concentration distributions of selected hazardous environmental factors in a museum environment were calculated by using the inverse variance weighted average in meta-analysis, and the concentration distributions possibly emerging in a museum exhibition halls and storages were computed through Monte Carlo simulation in order to minimize the uncertainty that can be caused from meagerness of related domestic researches.