Fibrous Dysplasia treated with virtual planning ­ report of two cases

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is part of a rare group of bone dysplasia. It exhibits benign behavior and can lead to osteolytic lesions, deformities, and fractures. The treatment is challenging, and accurate removal of the lesion is necessary to restore function and esthetics. Here we present two cases of FD where virtual planning with presurgical computed tomography (CT) was used for the production of a surgical guide for bone contouring. First, CT image reconstruction was performed to mirror the patient's original anatomy. Then, three surgical guides that determined the area and depth of bone wear were prepared and used in the relevant sequence during the actual surgeries, which were successfully performed in both patients. This technique is termed the template guide holes (TGH) technique. The findings from this report suggest that presurgical virtual planning and guide preparation allows direct and objective measurement of the level of bone wear and improves the functional and esthetic outcomes of surgery for FD. In particular, the TGH technique is safe and allows adequate preoperative surgical simulation, reduces the surgical duration, and increases the predictability of the final result.

Fibrous Dysplasia treated with virtual planning - report of two cases.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is part of a rare group of bone dysplasia. It exhibits benign behavior and can lead to osteolytic lesions, deformities, and fractures. The treatment is challenging, and accurate removal of the lesion is necessary to restore function and esthetics. Here we present two cases of FD where virtual planning with presurgical computed tomography (CT) was used for the production of a surgical guide for bone contouring. First, CT image reconstruction was performed to mirror the patient's original anatomy. Then, three surgical guides that determined the area and depth of bone wear were prepared and used in the relevant sequence during the actual surgeries, which were successfully performed in both patients. This technique is termed the template guide holes (TGH) technique. The findings from this report suggest that presurgical virtual planning and guide preparation allows direct and objective measurement of the level of bone wear and improves the functional and esthetic outcomes of surgery for FD. In particular, the TGH technique is safe and allows adequate preoperative surgical simulation, reduces the surgical duration, and increases the predictability of the final result.

Reclassification and treatment of odontogenic keratocysts: A cohort study.

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a recurrent cyst that has been recently reclassified from an odontogenic tumor to an odontogenic cyst. The aim of the present study was to investigate its treatment and address issues related to its association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Lesions from the cohort of patients included in the present study consisted of 40 OKCs, of which 27 lesions were treated by enucleation (GE) and 13 underwent decompression (GD). Complementary treatment occurred in 38 (95%) lesions, of which 10 underwent isolated peripheral ostectomy (GO) and 28 underwent peripheral ostectomy combined with Carnoy's solution (GC). Thirteen lesions were associated with NBCCS (GS), while the others (n=27) were non-syndromic lesions (GnS). The recurrence-free periods (RFP) in the sample groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier function and log-rank test at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and were used to calculate the cumulative risk of recurrence (CRR) in each postoperative year. During the follow-up period, which had a mean of 43.5 months (range: 12-102 months), six (15%) recurrences were diagnosed. There was no significant difference among the RFP for the compared groups (p > 0.05) or increased CRR for the decompression (15.4%) over five years. Application of Carnoy's solution did not increase the efficacy of the peripheral ostectomy, but was related to a CRR of 0% for the syndromic lesions over five years. Therefore, 1) decompression did not increase the recurrence risk; 2) peripheral ostectomy demonstrated a similar efficacy as the combination with Carnoy's solution; 3) the association of NBCCS did not seem to significantly influence OKC recurrence; and 4) syndromic lesions seem to behave in the same manner as non-syndromic lesions when submitted to complementary treatments.

Reclassification and treatment of odontogenic keratocysts: A cohort study

Abstract: The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a recurrent cyst that has been recently reclassified from an odontogenic tumor to an odontogenic cyst. The aim of the present study was to investigate its treatment and address issues related to its association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Lesions from the cohort of patients included in the present study consisted of 40 OKCs, of which 27 lesions were treated by enucleation (GE) and 13 underwent decompression (GD). Complementary treatment occurred in 38 (95%) lesions, of which 10 underwent isolated peripheral ostectomy (GO) and 28 underwent peripheral ostectomy combined with Carnoy's solution (GC). Thirteen lesions were associated with NBCCS (GS), while the others (n=27) were non-syndromic lesions (GnS). The recurrence-free periods (RFP) in the sample groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier function and log-rank test at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) and were used to calculate the cumulative risk of recurrence (CRR) in each postoperative year. During the follow-up period, which had a mean of 43.5 months (range: 12-102 months), six (15%) recurrences were diagnosed. There was no significant difference among the RFP for the compared groups (p > 0.05) or increased CRR for the decompression (15.4%) over five years. Application of Carnoy's solution did not increase the efficacy of the peripheral ostectomy, but was related to a CRR of 0% for the syndromic lesions over five years. Therefore, 1) decompression did not increase the recurrence risk; 2) peripheral ostectomy demonstrated a similar efficacy as the combination with Carnoy's solution; 3) the association of NBCCS did not seem to significantly influence OKC recurrence; and 4) syndromic lesions seem to behave in the same manner as non-syndromic lesions when submitted to complementary treatments.

Intramuscular lipoma in the temporal region: a case report / Lipoma intramuscular em região temporal: relato de caso clínico

Few reports of intramuscular lipoma in the temporal region are seen in the literature. Because of its invasives characteristics, this neoplasm may be mistaken as a liposarcoma. Although image exams help in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lipomatous lesions, the histopathological exam is the only one capable of a definitive diagnosis. Total removal of the lesion is essential because the recurrence rate without complete excision may be as high as 62.5 %. A patient with an intramuscular lipoma located in the temporal region is presented along with the mentioned treatment. Great importance should be given to these uncommon lesions that may present as a challenge to professionals that work in the maxillofacial region.

Poucos relatos de lipoma intramuscular na região temporal são vistos na literature. Devido as suas características invasivas, essa neoplasia pode ser confundida com um lipossarcoma. Apesar de exames de imagem ajudarem no diagnóstico diferencial entre lesões lipomatosas benignas ou malignas, o exame histopatológico é o único capaz de diagnóstico definitivo. Remoção total da lesão é essencial pois a taxa de recidiva sem completa excisão pode ser de até 62,5%. Uma paciente com um lipoma intramuscular localizado na região temporal é apresentada com o devido tratamento da lesão. Grande importância deve ser dada a essas lesões incomuns que podem se apresentar como um desafio aos profissionais que atuam na região maxilofacial.

Late treatment of a mandibular gunshot wound.

Mandibular gunshot injuries are esthetically and functionally devastating, causing comminuted fractures and adjacent tissue destruction depending on the weapon gauge, projectile shape, impact kinetic energy, and density of the injured structures. If the mandibular fracture is not adequate or promptly treated, the broken fragments will fail to heal. In case of a treatment delay, progressive bone loss and fracture contracture will require a customized approach, which includes open reduction, removal of fibrous tissue between the bony stumps, and fixation of the fracture with a reconstruction plate and autogenous graft. The authors report the case of a 34-year-old man wounded on the mandible 15 years ago. With the aid of computed tomography and a prototype, a surgical plan was designed including open reduction and internal fixation of the segmental mandibular defect with a reconstruction plate and bone graft harvested from the iliac crest. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful and the 12-month follow up showed a positive aesthetic and functional result.

Nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland: a case report.

The parotid is the most frequent site of primary salivary gland tumors. Lymphomas represent 0.2 to 0.8% of all malignant parotid tumors. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland is rare with few cases reported in literature. The nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is considered a particular clinical and histopathological subtype of HL. It has never been reported in the parotid gland since its incorporation in the 2001 World Health Organization Classification. The authors describe a case of a 32-year-old male who sought medical attention because of a one-year history of right cheek enlargement. A parotid nodule was submitted to a fine needle aspiration biopsy which disclosed a suspected lymphoproliferative disorder. A surgical dissection of the parotid gland was performed and an enlarged intraparotid lymph node measuring 4cm in its longest axis was excised, preserving the parotid gland integrity as well as the facial nerve. The pathological examination disclosed the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma in this lymph node within the parotid gland. The treatment was completed with local radiotherapy and the 5-year follow up was uneventful.

Princípios da reconstrução mandibular com enxerto ósseo vascularizado / Mandibular reconstruction principles underlying vascularized bone graft

Embora enxertos ósseos convencionais resolvam grande parte das reconstruções mandibulares, a ausência deum leito receptor favorável à revascularização óssea, muitas vezes, limita sua aplicação. O advento de enxertosósseos vascularizados em retalhos microcirúrgicos elevou o índice de sucesso nessas reconstruções, permitindo o restabelecimento estético-funcional em casos de pobre prognóstico reconstrutivo. As vantagens desse tipo de enxerto incluem manutenção do volume ósseo transplantado, possibilidade de reconstrução de grandes defeitos teciduais em áreas irradiadas, possibilidade de reconstrução das partes moles com associaçãode ilhas cutâneas e possibilidade de osteotomias, para reproduzir o contorno mandibular. O presente trabalho revisa a literatura referente aos enxertos ósseos vascularizados, discorrendo sobre os princípios biológicos e cirúrgicos que fundamentam sua aplicação na reconstrução mandibular.

Although conventional bone grafts are the solution for most mandibular reconstructions, their application is oftenlimited by the lack of a recipient bed amenable to the revascularization of bone. The advent of vascularized bonegrafts in microsurgical flaps has raised the success rate in these reconstructions, allowing the aesthetic andfunctional recovery of patients with a poor reconstructive prognosis. The advantages of this type of graft include the maintenance of the amount of bone transplanted, the possibility of reconstructing large tissue defects inirradiated areas, the possibility of reconstructing soft tissue associated with cutaneous islands and the chances to reproduce the mandibular contour. The present study reviews the literature on vascularized bone grafts and discusses the biological and surgical principles that underlie its application in mandibular reconstruction.

Princípios de reconstrução mandibular com enxerto ósseo vascularizado / Mandibular Reconstruction Principles with Vascularized Bone Graft

Embora enxertos ósseos convencionais resolvam grande parte das reconstruções mandibulares, a ausência de um leito receptor favorável à revascularização óssea muitas vezes limita sua aplicação. O advento de enxertos ósseos vascularizados em retalhos microcirúrgicos elevou o índice de sucesso nessas reconstruções, permitindo restabelecimento estético-funcional em casos de pobre prognóstico reconstrutivo. As vantagens desse tipo de enxerto incluem manutenção do volume ósseo transplantado, possibilidade de reconstrução de grandes defeitos teciduais em áreas irradiadas, possibilidade de reconstrução das partes moles com associação de ilhas cutâneas e possibilidade de osteotomias para reproduzir o contorno mandibular. O presente trabalho revisa a literatura referente aos enxertos ósseos vascularizados, discorrendo sobre os princípios biológicos e cirúrgicos que fundamentam sua aplicação na reconstrução mandibular

Pleomorphic multicentric adenoma in the submandibular gland.

Neoplasms of salivary glands represent a small group among the diseases involving the head and neck complex. In this group, the pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequent neoplasm, yet involves the submandibular gland in only 12.3% of cases. A patient presenting a swelling in the region of the submandibular gland was submitted to an incisional biopsy, where a fragment of the gland and one juxtaposed node were removed. Histologically they were defined as pleomorphic adenoma. Later, the patient was submitted to submandibulectomy and two other nodes were found close to the gland and removed. All specimens were histologically defined as pleomorphic adenoma. This multicentric finding is of great interest, perhaps explaining the recurrence rate of this neoplasm. The patient is in continuous follow-up and has not presented signs of recurrence.

Miectomia com acesso extraoral para hipertrofia benigna de Masseter: relato de caso / An extraoral approach for miectomy in Masseter muscle hipertrophy: case report

A hipertrofia benigna de masseter é uma patologia caracteriza por um abaulamento indolor da região de ângulo mandibular, podendo ser uni ou bilateral. O diagnóstico é exclusivamente clínico, confirmado durante o ato operatório. O presente trabalho apresenta um caso de hipertrofia benigna de Masseter tratado cirurgicamente com miectomia por acesso extra-oral, onde o resultado foi satisfatório, com controle de três anos sem recidiva. Além dessa modalidade de tratamento, a hipertrofia benigna de masseter pode ser tratada com outras técnicas cirúrgicas ou modalidades conservadoras. A comparação da eficácia entre as diferentes técnicas é discutida no presente trabalho

Obstructive sleep apnea treatment with dental appliance

É relatado o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 40 anos de idade, com síndrome de apnéia do sono tipo obstrutivo, tratado por meio de aparelho dentário. Esta terapêutica, alvo de pesquisas recentes, visa, no caso aqui descrito, modificar a posiçäo da mandíbula e consequentemente da língua, aumentando o espaço aéreo posterior faríngeo. Cefalometria contribuiu na escolha do caso para uso de aparelho dentário pois evidenciou incremento do espaço aéreo posterior faríngeo atingindo dimensöes normais ao se realizar o deslocamente anterior da mandíbula. Controles clínico e polissonográfico mostraram reduçäo subjetiva da sonolência excessiva diurna e objetiva da severidade das apnéia e do ronco, leveando-os a níveis normais. Em seguimento realizado por 8 meses, a melhora manteve-se inalterada

Correçäo cirúrgica de consolidaçäo viçosa de fratura de mandíbula / Surgical correction of mandibular fracture consolidation

No presente trabalho, os autores apresentam caso clínico de consolidaçäo viciosa de fratura bilateral de mandíbula. Apresentam uma breve revisäo da literatura e o planejamento e execuçäo da terapêutica cirúrgica, mostrando o "Follow-up" do paciente