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1.
Rev. peru. med. integr ; 2(4): 828-834, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | MOSAICO - Integrative health, LILACS | ID: biblio-907030

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Realizar el screening fitoquímico y determinar la actividad antioxidante y antibacteriana de los flavonoides y alcaloides aislados de extractos etanólicos de las hojas de Erythroxylum coca Lam y Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron. Materiales y Métodos: La capacidad antioxidante de los flavonoides y alcaloides aislados fue evaluada mediante el ensayo de DPPH, utilizando como control positivo a la vitamina C, y la actividad antibacteriana mediante el cálculo del halo de inhibición (mm) ante S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus y E. coli. Resultados: Los alcaloides de E. coca presentaron mayor actividad antibacteriana frente a S. epidermidis y P. aeruginosa, y los flavonoides de E. novogranatense tuvieron mayor actividad frente a S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa y S. aureus. E. novogranatense mostroun EC50 de 271,20 µg/mL para extracto crudo y 250,29 µg/mL para flavonoides, mientras que E. coca presento un EC50 de 172,59 µg/mL para extracto crudo y 611,29 µg/mL para flavonoides. Conclusión: En ambas especies se identificaron alcaloides (cocaína y benzoilecgonina), flavonoides (chalconas y flavonoles), fenoles y carbohidratos. Los flavonoides de Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron, y el extracto de Erythroxylum coca Lam presentaron mayor actividad antioxidante. El extracto de Erythroxylum coca Lam mostro mayor actividad antibacteriana frente a S. aureus, S. epidermidis y E. coli, excepto para P. aeruginosa. Los alcaloides de Erythroxylum coca Lam, exhibieron buena actividad frente a S. epidermidis y P. aeruginosa; excepto para E. coli, donde Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron tuvo mejor desempeño. Los flavonoides aislados de Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron mostraron actividad frente a S. epidermidis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Flavonoids , Coca , Alkaloids , Phytochemicals , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antioxidants , Peru , Biological Assay , Plant Extracts , Mass Screening
2.
Sci Rep ; 6: 20041, 2016 Feb 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26883718

ABSTRACT

Interest in the interaction of microorganisms with cesium ions (Cs(+)) has arisen, especially in terms of their potent ability for radiocesium bioaccumulation and their important roles in biogeochemical cycling. Although high concentrations of Cs(+) display toxic effects on microorganisms, there have been only limited reports for Cs(+)-tolerant microorganisms. Here we report enrichment and isolation of Cs(+)-tolerant microorganisms from soil microbiota. Microbial community analysis revealed that bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidetes, especially Flavobacterium spp., dominated in enrichment cultures in the medium supplemented with 50 or 200 mM Cs(+), while Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in the control enrichment cultures (in the presence of 50 and 200 mM K(+) instead of Cs(+)). The dominant Flavobacterium sp. was successfully isolated from the enrichment culture and was closely related to Flavobacterium chungbukense with 99.5% identity. Growth experiments clearly demonstrated that the isolate has significantly higher tolerance to Cs(+) compared to its close relatives, suggesting the Cs(+)-tolerance is a specific trait of this strain, but not a universal trait in the genus Flavobacterium. Measurement of intracellular K(+) and Cs(+) concentrations of the Cs(+)-tolerant isolate and its close relatives suggested that the ability to maintain low intracellular Cs(+) concentration confers the tolerance against high concentrations of external Cs(+).


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Biological , Cesium , Flavobacterium/physiology , Ions , Cesium/metabolism , Cesium/pharmacology , Cesium/toxicity , Chlorides/pharmacology , Chlorides/toxicity , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Flavobacterium/classification , Flavobacterium/drug effects , Flavobacterium/isolation & purification , Intracellular Space/metabolism , Phylogeny , Potassium/metabolism , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Soil/chemistry , Soil Microbiology
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