[Structure of antero-posterior spinal curvatures in manual workers in relation to their occupations]. / Uksztaltowanie przednio-tylnych krzywizn kregoslupa u pracowników fizycznych w zaleznosci od wykonywanego zawodu.

The authors examined spondylometrically 1572 (648 men and 924 women) labourers of the FAEL factory in Zabkowice Slaskie. Sixteen spondylometric features were taken into account. The results were analysed by generally adopted statistical methods. Calculations were made for men and women separately. The subjects were divided into those performing their work in sitting and standing positions. Furthermore, the workplace of each worker was examined. The studies demonstrated a considerable correlation between the antero-posterior curvatures of the spine and specific workplaces.

[The anatomic variability of the intervertebral foramina L4----L5 and L5----S1 in the light of planimetric studies]. / Die anatomische Veränderlichkeit der Intervertebrallöcher L4----L5 und L5----S1 im Lichte planimetrischer Untersuchungen.

The were studied 168 intervertebral foramina on the levels L4 to L5 and L5 to S1 as well as the thickness of the spinal nerve by application of the planimetric method. An index of the tightness of the intervertebral foramina has been established. The narrowness of intervertebral foramina has been found to occur much more frequently on the right side of both of the tested levels, what is the reason of increased occurrence of lumbosacral syndrome of pain on this side.

[Measurements and forms of intervertebral foramina of the posterior lumbar spine]. / Uber Messungen und Formen der Intervertebrallöcher im unteren Teil der Lendenwirbelsäule.

The authors carried out measurements of 168 intervertebral foramina on the level L4 to L5 and L5 to S1 as well as the thickness of the spinal nerve, and examined their form. They certified that the measurements of the intervertebral foramen L5 to S1 are really statistically lower as the measurements of the intervertebral foramen L4 to L5 at relatively the same average thickness of the spinal nerve.

[The problem of incisions and orifices in the supraorbital margin in man]. / Zur Frage der Einschnitte und Offnungen im oberen Rand der Augenhöhle beim Menschen.

The authors have conducted craniometric measurement of 226 skulls (118 male and 108 female). They introduce their own criteria of metric classification of features enabling anatomical determination of incisures and foramen with a probability of over 90% and find statistically significant sexual dimorphism and asymmetry in the position incisura (seu foramen) frontalis and incisura (seu foramen) supraorbitalis. Their co-occurrence is generally symmetric, but frequent in women.

[Development of the spine in school children of Lower Silesia]. / Die Entwicklung der Wirbelsäule bei Schulkindern aus Niederschlesien.

Following on from earlier investigations, spondylometry was once again carried out in 1572 school-children aged between 7 and 14, using an elastometer. The results were analyzed using the "Wroclaw Taxonomy Method" and are presented in the tables in this paper. They confirm that the individual sections of the spine grow at different rates and that the overall length of the spine increases considerably faster during puberty than body height.

[Correlations between spondylometric features and body height of man]. / Korrelationen zwischen spondylometrischen Merkmalen und der Körperhöhe beim Menschen.

The author has studied correlational relationships of the spondylometric features on the material of 1,572 adult workers at Zabkowice 648 men and 924 women. He applied elastometric method in his own modification. Negative correlation between the length of thoracic kyphosis and the length of lumbar lordosis and the positive correlation between the length of the vertebral column and the body height have been stated. The findings confirm the results of previous studies in children and juveniles, and may be of value for the prevention of the diseases of the vertebral column.

[Craniometry of cranial vault bones in newborn infants]. / Kraniometrie der Schädeldachknochen bei Neugeborenen.

10 craniometric measurements of the skull bones' fornix have been performed on 89 dried infant skulls. The authors have shown that the craniometric variability of the skull bone's fornix is connected with the skull length rather than with its height. The skull length is determined mostly by the squama of the temporal bone and occipital squama. The shape of the skull vault is determined mainly by parietal bone and squama of the frontal bone. Parietal bones shut unpaired fontanelle, but the remaining bones, under investigation, contribute to the closure of anterolateral and postero-lateral fontanelle.

[Our modification of elastometric methods in spondylometric studies]. / Uber eine eigene Modifikation der elastometrischen Methode bei spondylometrischen Untersuchungen.

The author's modification involves the use of elastometer - 70 cm long - onto which 4 indicators in the form of very thin rubber rings were threaded. This device allows the contours of the anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column to be mapped with well defined borders. The length of the bow and bow-string and the angles within the respective segments of the spinal column can be measured on the contours in the author's proposal number 48. This method, which is easily applied under laboratory conditions, reduces measuring errors to a minimum.

[Craniometry of the squama of the temporal bone in the newborn]. / Kraniometrie der Schuppe des Schläfenbeins bei Neugeborenen.

In 89 dried infants skulls (49 males and 41 females), the authors carried out the study of the temporal squama basing on statistic data of 8 measurement records. The authors tried to explain the mechanism of the development of temporal squama during the infantile period. They also investigated the relations between the characteristics of the squama and the shape of neurocranium. The studies were carried out on complete material as no marked statistic bilateral and intersex differences were found. In newborn infants the squama grows lengthwise. More intensive growth of the squama length in proportion to its height leads eventually to its vaulting in adults in comparison with newborn infants. The direction of the squama growth according to the authors is due to the presence of lateral fontanella owing mainly to the lengthwise growth of the squama.

[Correlative relations of spondylometric features and the height of the body in the Lower Silesian children and adolescent's process of growth (author's transl)]. / Korrelationen zwischen spondylometrischen Merkmalen und der Körperhöhe während des Wachstums be Kindern und Jugendlichen in einer niederschlesischen Population.

The author has carried out an analyzis of correlative relations of spondylometric features and the height of the body in 1197 children and adolescents aged 3 up to 16. He has stated individual segments of vertebral column to show slight correlative tendencies or complete lack of them. The length of the vertebral column segments is positively correlated with the length of the vertebral column as well as with the boys and girls body higt - in the process of growth and especially in puberty. A stabilization of proportions of spondylometric features as well as of those and the height of the body takes place in the period of pubescence. That process is more distinct in girls than in boys.

[The morphological analysis of human canalis infraorbitalis and foramen infraorbitale (author's transl)]. / Die morphologische Analyse des Canalis infraorbitalis und des Foramen infraorbitale beim Menschen.

The authors carried out an analysis of metric characteristics of canalis infraorbitalis and foramen infraorbitale on the material of 186 skulls of adult individuals coming from the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Medical Academy in Wroclaw. They also analysed various shapes of foramen infraorbitale with regard to asymmetry. They found that the position of foramen infraorbitale in the sagittal plane and transverse plane of the face is characterized by great anatomical variability. They andicate cases the consideration of which may contribute to the decrease in the number of failure during local anesthesia of branches of n. infraorbitalis. It is concluded that the shape of foramen infraorbitale and the occurance of asymmetry of its modification may undergo population variability.

[Correlative relations of spondilometric features in human feti (author's transl)]. / Korrelationen der spondylometrischen Merkmale bei menschlichen Feten.

The authors have carried out an analyzis of correlative relations of spondilometric features on the material of 403 human feti (211 male, 192 female) in morphologic age--the 4th up to the 7th month of fetal life. They have found a highly positive correlation between the length of the particular vertebral column segments, especially in the early period of fetal life, due to a slight inter individual differentiation. Besides, they have shown a stabilization of proportions of the vertebral column length and the length of its segments taking place in the fetal life of man.