ABSTRACT
Mild or elevated temperatures are routinely used for the analysis of therapeutic proteins by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Generic conditions can be used for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies, and may be adapted for species derived thereof, for instance their immuno-conjugates. Beyond platform monoclonal antibodies, many novel, non-covalent protein complexes are also frequently pursued as protein therapeutics. These complexes, in reverse phased chromatography, may require extremely harsh, superheated conditions to dissociate and elute as interpretable profiles. In order to minimize on-column degradation under superheated conditions, the analysis time has to be reduced as much as possible. Using ultrashort columns and fast gradients is a promising approach in achieving informative separations within a minute, or even faster. Here the applicability of this approach, which supports maintaining levels of degradation products close to the intrinsic sample composition without further on-column degradation is demonstrated. NISTmAb as conventional IgG, a bispecific homodimer and a bispecific homotetramer were used for demonstrating differences in the elution characteristics and the necessity of using the proposed approach. The analysis of the bispecific homodimer was discussed in detail as a case study.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Chromatography, Reverse-Phase , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Rare earth magnets have been used in orthodontics, but their corrosion tendency in the oral cavity limits long-term clinical application. The aim of this project was to evaluate several; magnet coatings and their effects on magnetic flux density. METHODS: A total of 60 neodymium-iron-boron magnets divided into 6 equal groups--polytetrafluoroethylene-coated (PTFE), parylene-coated, and noncoated--were subjected to 4 weeks of aging in saline solution, ball milling, and corrosion testing. RESULTS: A significant decrease in magnet flux density was recorded after applying a protective layer of parylene, whereas a slight decrease was found after applying a protective layer of PTFE. After 4 weeks of aging, the coated magnets were superior to the noncoated magnets in retaining magnetism. The corrosion-behavior test showed no significant difference between the 2 types of coated magnets, and considerable amounts of iron-leached ions were seen in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the processes of coating, soaking, ball milling, and corrosion testing, PTFE was a better coating material than parylene for preserving magnet flux density. However, corrosion testing showed significant metal leaching in all groups.
Subject(s)
Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Magnetics/instrumentation , Metals, Rare Earth , Orthodontic Appliances , Boron , Corrosion , Ions , Iron , Metallurgy , Neodymium , Polymers , Polytetrafluoroethylene , Saliva, Artificial , XylenesABSTRACT
Root resorption is an adverse outcome of orthodontic tooth movement. In addition to the iatrogenic response and compromising the crown-root ratio, root resorption has led to increased malpractice litigation against orthodontists. A clinically acceptable method of treating root resorption has not been validated in the literature to date. Previous research has shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can enhance healing of various types of traumatized connective tissues and stimulate dental tissue formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of LIPUS on the healing process of orthodontically induced tooth-root resorption in humans. Twelve orthodontic patients who were seeking orthodontic treatment that necessitated extracting the first premolars before mechanotherapy participated in this study. For each patient, buccally activated springs were used to tip the maxillary first premolars buccally, with an initial force level of 50 g; the springs were checked weekly to ensure continuous force levels. A short period of LIPUS was applied to 1 side of each patient's mouth, with the other side used as a control. After 4 weeks, the experimental premolars of all patients were extracted, and the premolars of 6 patients were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the premolars of the other 6 patients were studied histologically. The number and total area of resorption lacunae as examined by SEM were compared between the LIPUS-treated and the control premolars with a t test. The SEM study showed a statistically significant decrease in the areas of resorption and the number of resorption lacunae in the LIPUS-exposed premolars. Histologic examination showed healing of the resorbed root surface by hypercementosis. The results of this study provide a noninvasive method for reducing root resorption in humans.
Subject(s)
Root Resorption/therapy , Tooth Movement Techniques/adverse effects , Ultrasonic Therapy , Bicuspid/physiology , Bicuspid/ultrastructure , Cementogenesis , Female , Humans , Root Resorption/etiologyABSTRACT
Emergency caregivers experience considerable new challenges to the provision of competent, compassionate care. The good news is there are ample new approaches and new technologies to meet those new challenges.ED leaders who understand the ED mission and the resources available today and who engage vigorously in the change process will turn that mission into immensely beneficial action.
Subject(s)
Decision Making, Organizational , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care/organization & administration , Communication , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Health Facility Environment/organization & administration , Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act/organization & administration , Humans , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , Organizational Culture , Organizational Innovation , Organizational Objectives , Organizational Policy , Patient Satisfaction , Philosophy, Medical , Quality Assurance, Health Care/organization & administration , Risk Management/organization & administration , Systems Analysis , Time Management/organization & administration , Triage/organization & administration , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) has established time targets for the evaluation of acute stroke patients, little is known about how often these targets are met in the community. To track compliance with NINDS guidelines, Cuyahoga County Operation Stroke implemented a countywide data collection process that provides comparative reporting of hospital performance. METHODS: Data on the emergency department evaluation of stroke patients have been retrospectively collected since January 2000 by hospitals participating in Cuyahoga County Operation Stroke. All hospitals used a 1-page form that includes NINDS time target information. RESULTS: Median time to emergency department arrival for the 1003 patients in this cohort was 115 minutes; 382 patients (38%) arrived in <3 hours; 506 (50%) arrived in <6 hours. After arrival, median time to physician contact was 12 minutes, time to CT was 65 minutes, and time to imaging results was 105 minutes. Earlier arrival intervals after symptom onset were independently associated with shorter evaluation times. All time targets were met in patients receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. CONCLUSIONS: A countywide data collection system for acute stroke evaluation is feasible. In the Cleveland metropolitan area, time to physician contact is close to the recommended NINDS target. Time to CT and time to imaging results are substantially longer than recommended. However, there was wide variation between hospitals. The association between time to arrival, speed of evaluation, and administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator suggests that community physicians selectively accelerate the evaluation and management of potential thrombolysis candidates.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Guideline Adherence , Stroke/therapy , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Ohio , Registries , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy , Time Factors , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/administration & dosage , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , United StatesABSTRACT
Previous studies have shown that functional appliances can enhance mandibular growth when applied during the active growth period. However, besides patient compliance problems with bulky appliances and prolonged treatment demands, there is contradictory evidence that functional appliances have a significant long-term effect. Is there a method to enhance the growth response and improve the long-term success of functional appliances? Previous studies have also found that therapeutic ultrasound (US) can stimulate cartilage and bone growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic US on condylar and mandibular growth in the rabbit model. Eight growing New Zealand male rabbits were chosen for this study. They received therapeutic US on one side of the mandible for 20 minutes/day for four weeks. Anthropometrical and histological evaluations revealed that US enhances mandibular growth by condylar endochondreal bone growth and consequently mandibular ramus growth. The significant results of this study support conducting a long-term study to evaluate the ultimate stability of the results obtained. Also, they suggest an extended research with a larger sample size and investigating the molecular basis of this stimulatory effect, together with forward posturing splints for optimal macroscopic and microscopic responses.
Subject(s)
Mandible/growth & development , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Ultrasonic Therapy , Animals , Bone Remodeling/physiology , Cartilage/growth & development , Cartilage/pathology , Cephalometry , Chondrocytes/pathology , Coloring Agents , Combined Modality Therapy , Growth Plate/growth & development , Growth Plate/pathology , Male , Mandible/pathology , Mandibular Condyle/growth & development , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Models, Animal , Osteoblasts/pathology , RabbitsABSTRACT
As the importance of evidence-based health care has grown, meta-analysis has become more widely used in the medical and dental fields. In this meta-analysis, the relationship between traditional orthodontic treatment, including the specific type of appliance used and whether extractions were performed, and the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was investigated. After an exhaustive literature search of 960 articles, we found 31 that met the inclusion criteria (18 cross-sectional studies or surveys and 13 longitudinal studies). We divided and extracted data from the 31 articles according to study designs, symptoms, signs, or indexes. Due to severe heterogeneity, the results were summarized without further statistical analysis. The heterogeneous result might originate from lack of a universal diagnostic system and the variability of TMD. Because of heterogeneity, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn. The data included in this comprehensive meta-analysis do not indicate that traditional orthodontic treatment increased the prevalence of TMD. It is apparent that a reliable and valid diagnostic classification system for TMD is needed for future research.
Subject(s)
Orthodontic Appliances/adverse effects , Orthodontics, Corrective/adverse effects , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , MEDLINE , Prevalence , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
Diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento. Diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento en ortodoncia. Principios y reacciones biomecánicas. Fisiología, metabolismo y biomecánica del hueso en la práctica ortodóncica. Aplicación de la bioingeniería a la ortodoncia clínica. Aplicaciones de la informática en ortodoncia. Guía interceptiva de la oclusión con énfasis en el diagnóstico. Técnicas y tratamiento. Aparatos funcionales. Ortopedia combinada con aparato extraoral y activador. Tratamiento de la dentición mixta. Adhesión en ortodoncia. Aparato arco de canto de Tweed_merriefield: filosofía, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Mecánica de tratamiento con el aparato de arco recto. Interrelaciones ortodóntico-periodontales. Ortodoncia y cirugía ortognática: principios del tratamiento combinado. Contención y recidiva
Subject(s)
OrthodonticsABSTRACT
Diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento. Diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento en ortodoncia. Principios y reacciones biomecánicas. Aplicación de la bioingeniería a la ortodoncia clínica. Implicaciones ortodóncicas en el diagnóstico, prevención y tratmiento de la disfunción de la ATM. Guía de oclusión: extracciones seriadas. Técnicas y tratamiento. Aparatos funcionales. Ortopedia combinada con activador y casquete. Adhesión en ortodoncia. El aparato arco de canto. El sistema Level Anchorage. Mecánica de tratamiento para el aparato de alambre recto. Técnica de Begg moderna: combinación de aparatos y técnicas de Begg y de alambre recto. Ortodoncia en adultos: diagnóstico y tratamiento. Contención
Subject(s)
Orthodontics , Orthodontics/standards , Orthodontics/trendsABSTRACT
Contiene : diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento. Técnicas y tratamiento
