ABSTRACT
PERFORMANCE: Congenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) are rare and can be associated with high morbidity. Clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, imaging, and therapy of CPM are discussed. ACHIEVEMENTS: Today, most CPM can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. Postnatally, respiratory symptoms up to respiratory failure and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection are typical findings. Due to low diagnostic accuracy of chest xray in CPM, all children with prenatal diagnosis of CPM or postnatally suspected CPM should undergo cross-sectional imaging. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on imaging alone, the various subtypes of CPM cannot be definitively differentiated, which is why histological confirmation remains the gold standard. Surgical resection is the standard of care with minimally invasive procedures increasingly being employed. In certain situations, a watch-and-wait approach is possible.
Subject(s)
Lung , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Lung/abnormalities , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/surgery , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/therapy , Lung Diseases/congenital , Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities/therapy , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cystic abdominal masses are a common main or incidental finding in daily radiological practice; however, differentiation is not always trivial. OBJECTIVES: In children, cystic abdominal masses represent a special feature compared to adults, since the spectrum of congenital lesions must be taken into consideration. The article gives a structured overview of the most common entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The standard methods in abdominal imaging in pediatric radiology are ultrasound and MRI. Based on a literature review, the most important differential diagnoses with their characteristics in ultrasound and MRI were compiled. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: With anatomical classification, presence or absence of solid components as well as the contrast agent behavior in the MRI, the cystic masses can be well differentiated and classified into three groups: congenital and acquired cysts as well as neoplasms.
