[Case report: Porcine circovirus type 2 infection in an European wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the state of Brandenburg, Germany]. / Porzine Circovirus Typ 2-Infektion bei einem Wildschwein (Sus scrofa) im Land Brandenburg.

This case represents the first case of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV-2)--infection in a free living European wild boar associated with morphological lesions, which are regarded as characteristic for Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in domestic pigs. The animal, an approximately 10 month old male, was found dead in a rural area within the state of Brandenburg, Germany. The closest commercial pig farm is located in 3 km distance from the spot where the carcass was found. At necropsy, the animal was found to be in a runted condition. Morphological investigation revealed two lesion complexes. Firstly, lymphatic depletion was present in different organs. Mainly the white pulp of the spleen was affected, where lymph follicles and periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths were nearly completely depleted of lymphoid cells. The former lymphatic areas could only be identified by the presence of histiocytic cells. Secondly, there were widely distributed lesions indicative of a bacterial septicemia i.e. purulent-necrotizing lymphadenitis, pulpous hyperplasia of the spleen, miliary lytic liver necroses and foci of fibrinous pneumonia. Within the lesions, bacterial colonies were found (short Gram-negative rods). Bacteriology revealed a septicemic Salmonella choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf--infection. Virologically, the animal was tested with negative results for Classical Swine Fever Virus and PRRSV. The unusual depletion of the lymphatic tissue mainly in the spleen led to the suspicion of a PCV-2 infection. Typical circoviral particles were found by negative-contrast electron microscopy in samples from spleen and lymph nodes. Using a commercial antiserum against Porcine Circovirus, positive staining was found by fluorescence microscopy in tonsils, spleen and lymph nodes. Finally, the virus was identified to be PCV-2 by species-specific PCR. The presented case rises the questions if PCV-2 is endemic in the European wild boar population at least in certain areas, if it is of pathogenetic importance for wild boars and if the virus present in wild boars is identical to that present in domestic pigs with PMWS.

[Morphological changes in the pineal body of domestic swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) depending on light]. / Morphologische Veränderungen an der Epiphysis cerebri von Hausschweinen (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Abhängigkeit vom Licht.

The cerebral epiphysis of twelve gilts, aged 6.5 months, was histologically, histochemically, and histometrically tested, after the animals had been kept permanently under artificial light, 100 lux, or in darkness, interrupted twice a day by two hours of lighting, over ten weeks altogether. The parenchymal cells of the epiphyses of the animals kept in darkness changed clearly from those of the other group with constant exposure to light. Changes in the darkness animals included significant enlargement of the cell nuclear volume by 33 per cent, increase in nucleoli count as well as increases of lipids and ribonucleic acid in cytoplasm.

[Nuclei of the mammillary bodies and their fiber connections in cattle (Bos taurus var. domesticus). I. Nuclei of the mammillary bodies in cattle]. / Uber die Kerne des Corpus mamillare und ihre Faserverbindungen beim Rind (Bos taurus var. domesticus). I. Mitteilung: Kerne des Corpus mamillare beim Rind.

1. In the present neuroanatomic study the topography and cytoarchitectonic of the nuclei of the mamillary body of cattle are described and quantitative-morphologically investigated in 14 series of brains (6 frontal, 4 sagittal and 4 horizontal series, stained by the methods after Nissl, Klüver and Barrera and after Heidenhain). 2. The medial mamillary nucleus of cattle is with an average volume of 47.7 mm3 the largest nucleus of the mamillary body. It contains about 715,000 cells with a cell density of 15,000 cells/mm3 and can cytoarchitectonically be subdivided into a medial part and a lateral part. 3. The median mamillary nucleus is an unpaired and clearly defined nucleus which accounts with an average volume of 16.9 mm3 for a quarter of the whole volume of the nuclei belonging to the mamillary body, however with 11,000 cells/mm3 it shows a relatively small cell density in comparison with the other mamillary nuclei. 4. The lateral mamillary nuclei of cattle are situated in the rostral third of the mamillary body and account for 5.3 per cent of the whole volume of the nuclei. About 28,000 cells with a cell density of 15,000 cells/mm3 were found in each nucleus.

[Nuclei of the mammillary bodies and their fiber connections in cattle (Bos taurus var. domesticus). 2. Fiber connections of the mammillary bodies in cattle]. / Uber die Kerne des Corpus mamillare und ihre Faserverbindungen beim Rind (Bos taurus var. domesticus). 2. Mitteilung: Faserverbindungen des Corpus mamillare beim Rind.

1. In the present information the course of fibre pathways which are connected with the mammillary body of the cattle is described in 14 series of brains (6 frontal, 4 sagittal, 4 horizontal series, stained by the combined cell-fibre-method after KLUVER and BARRERA and by the method for myelined fibres after HEIDENHAIN). 2. The mammillary body of cattle is connected with four main fibre systems. These are the fornix and the mamillary peduncle as well as the mamillo-thalamic and the mamillo-tegmental tracts. 3. The fornix system first of all represents a rich myelined fibre connection between the hippocampus and the mamillary body. But also fornix fibres entering the poor-myelined regions of the hypothalamus and the mesencephalon have been demonstrated. 4. The mamillary peduncle ascending from the mesencephalon can be traced to the lateral mamillary nucleus. 5. The mamillo-thalamic tract of cattle has its origin in the mamillary body with the mamillotegmental tract associated to a common principal mamillary tract and passes to the complex of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, while the mamillo-tegmental tract branching off from it curves into the mesencephalon.

[Histochemical investigation on the parenchyma cells of the Epiphysis cerebri of cattle (Bos taurus domesticus) and pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) (author's transl)]. / Histochemische Untersuchungen an den Parenchymzellen der Epiphysis cerebri von Rind (Bos taurus domesticus) und Schwein (Sus scrofa domesticus).

The parenchyma cells of the pineal organ from 20 cattle (10 week-old female calfs, from one year to several years of age female and male cattle) and 14 pigs (8- to 9-month-old female pigs) were investigated with histochemical methods. Carbohydrates are evident in a insignificant quantity. The content of lipids is very high, according to the age the quantity varying. Proteins are evident, but only in small quantities. The content of ribonucleic acid is very high.

[Studies on the orthology of epiphysis cerebri in cattle (Bos taurus var. domesticus L.)]. / Untersuchungen zur Orthologie der Epiphysis cerebri beim Rind (Bos taurus var. domesticus L.).

The pineal organ from 20 cattle (10 week-old female calfs, from one year to several years of age male and female cattle) were investigated with histological and histochemical methods. Carbohydrats are evident in a insignificant quantity in the parenchyma cells. The content of lipids is very high according to the age of the cattle the quantity varying. Proteins are evident only in small quantities. The content of ribonucleic acid is equally high in the cytoplasma of the parenchyma cells.