ABSTRACT
In this article we present the results of the studies on interactions between the VC1 domain of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and its ligand, the S100B protein, performed by contact angle measurements. Histidine-tagged (His6) VC1-RAGE domain was covalently bonded to Cu(II) or Ni(II) complexes with dipyrromethene (DPM) self-assembled on gold surface. The method based on the theory of van Oss was used for the purpose of determining the Lifshitz-van der Waals (γ(LW)) component as well as the electron acceptor-electron donor (the Lewis acid-base, γ(+)-γ(-)) parameters of the VC1-RAGE-S100B complex. Moreover, the surface free energies of the interactions between the VC1 domain attached to the surface and the ligand present in the aqueous phase were determined. The specificity of the VC1- RAGE interactions with the ligand studied was also proved.
Subject(s)
Protein Interaction Mapping/methods , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/chemistry , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Algorithms , Copper/chemistry , Copper/metabolism , Histidine/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Nickel/chemistry , Nickel/metabolism , Porphobilinogen/analogs & derivatives , Porphobilinogen/chemistry , Porphobilinogen/metabolism , Protein Binding , Protein Domains , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/metabolism , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are an important tool in the studies focusing at the differentiation of various cell types, including skeletal myoblasts. They are also considered as a source of the cells that due to their pluripotent character and availability could be turned into any required tissue and then used in future in regenerative medicine. However, the methods of the derivation of some of cell types from pluripotent cells still need to be perfected. This chapter summarizes the history and current advancements in the derivation and testing of pluripotent stem cells-derived skeletal myoblasts. It focuses at the in vitro methods allowing the differentiation of stem cells grown in monolayer or propagated as embryoid bodies, and also at in vivo tests allowing the verification of the functionality of obtained skeletal myoblasts.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation/physiology , Muscle Development/physiology , Myoblasts, Skeletal/physiology , Pluripotent Stem Cells/physiology , Animals , Humans , Mice , Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology , Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytologyABSTRACT
Postoperative pain, arising due to surgical tissue injury, is most frequent type of pain found in clinical practice. In postoperative analgesia opioids still constitute the fundamental form of pain treatment, but the development of neurophysiology and neuropharmacology has allowed for the optimization of postoperative analgesia. Therefore, in order to potentialize the pain relief effect of opioids and/or inhibit the nociception process and its consequences, diverse drugs and therapies are used. The procedure is called multimodal analgesia and consists in the administration of opioids in conjunction with NMDA antagonists, COX inhibitors, cholecystokinin antagonists, agonists of muscarine receptors, agonists of alpha-2 receptors or cytokine inhibitors. An alternative or supplementary therapy in the postoperative period relies on local anaesthetic techniques or TENS. There also exists pre-emptive analgesia, whose aim is to safeguard the central nervous system from increased afferent nociceptive stimulation during the operation.
Subject(s)
Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , HumansABSTRACT
Purified murein from Thiobacillus neapolitanus was poorly digested by lysozyme. It's sensitivity to the enzyme greatly increased after N-acetylation. The murein was found to contain 30 to 35% glucosamine residues lacking N-acetyl groups. It also contained phosphomuramic acid. Further modifications included amidation of diaminopimelic acid in the peptide side chains and a low alanine content. None of these modifications were found in the murein of another sulphur bacterium, Thiobacillus versutus.
Subject(s)
Peptidoglycan/chemistry , Thiobacillus/metabolism , Amino Acids/analysis , Amino Sugars/analysis , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Hexosamines/analysis , In Vitro Techniques , Muramic Acids/analysis , Muramidase/metabolism , Peptidoglycan/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Amino acid analysis of pure murein isolated from cells of T. neapolitanus revealed the typical constituents of most mureins form Gram-negative bacteria. i.e. glutamic acid, alanine and diaminopimelic acid, but the molecular ratio ot these was unusual, being approximately 1: 1: 1. The reduced amount of alanine was explained by the absence of monomers containing tetrapeptide side chains, as revealed by h. p. 1. c. analysis, [(3)H]glutamic acid, [(3)H]diaminopimelic acid and [(3)H]N-acetylglucosamine were incorporated into the murein and allowed to determine the degree of its crosslinkage (28%) and the occurrence of turnover.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Halothiobacillus/chemistry , Halothiobacillus/cytology , Peptidoglycan/chemistry , Amino Sugars/analysis , Isotope Labeling , Peptidoglycan/isolation & purification , Peptidoglycan/metabolism , Tritium/chemistryABSTRACT
Hydrolysis of phentolamine hydrochloride in aqueous solutions, and at pH 1.0 and pH 8.0 was studied by means of thin-layer chromatography. A spectrophotometric method for quantitative assessment of phentolamine hydrochloride hydrolysis has been elaborated, and thermodynamic parameters of this reaction were determined.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/chemistry , Phentolamine/chemistry , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Drug Stability , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Solutions/chemistry , Spectrophotometry/methods , Thermodynamics , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
Crystalline samples of barbital obtained by isothermal crystallization from various solvents or by sublimation were analysed. Morphological, thermomicroscopical, thermal, IR, density and initial dissolution rate studies were carried out. X-ray analysis according to Debye-Scherrer was realised after 9-month storage of samples at room conditions. The ability of barbital to form polymorphic modifications was confirmed but the conclusions of previous works were discussed. It was found that the stability of metastable crystal structures II, III and IV was high enough to make them commercially feasible.
