Emergence of locomotor behaviors: Associations with infant characteristics, developmental status, parental beliefs, and practices in typically developing Brazilian infants aged 5 to 15 months.

Independent locomotion provides autonomy for infants, drastically changing their relationship with their surroundings. From a dynamic systems perspective, the interaction between environment, tasks, and organismic constraints leads to the emergence of new behaviors over time. This 6-month longitudinal study aimed to verify associations between the emergence of locomotor behaviors and infants' characteristics, developmental status, parental beliefs, and practices. This observational study remotely assessed 37 full-term Brazilian infants aged 5 to 15 months, divided into two groups (G1: 5 to 11 months, n = 19; and G2: 9 to 15 months, n = 18). The motor developmental status of infants was closely associated with the emergence of behaviors (p < 0.05). Infants in G2 whose parents agreed with the statement "In typically developing infants, motor development occurs naturally and there is no need to actively stimulate it" started to walk later than those whose parents disagreed. Infants whose parents expected them to walk around 10-11 months walked earlier compared to those expected to walk after 11 months (G2, p = 0.011). Infants in G2 with a high frequency of staying in the supine position started to walk, both with and without support, later than those with a low frequency (p < 0.05). For infants in G1 with a high frequency of playing on the floor, locomotion (p = 0.041) and crawling on hands-and-knees (p = 0.007) started sooner compared to those with a low frequency. Staying in the cradle more frequently was related to a later emergence of supported walk (p = 0.046) among infants in G2. The emergence of locomotor behaviors is associated with motor developmental status, the surfaces where the infant plays, and body position. Parental beliefs and expectations influence how infants are stimulated and, consequently, the emergence of independent walking.

Gross motor trajectories of pre-term and full-term infants under different parental educational approaches.

This study aimed to explore motor trajectories of Brazilian pre-term and full-term infants from 3 to 12 months old whose parents participated in an educational program and had received guidance on gross motor development. Forty-eight Brazilian infants aged 3 months old were divided into Group 1 (full-term infants and their parents who received only verbal guidance, n = 14), Group 2 (full-term infants with parents who received an educative folder in addition to the same verbal guidance, n = 23), and Group 3 (preterm infants with parents who received the same verbal guidance and educative folder, n = 11). The folder had similar information to the verbal guidance; nonetheless, it helped to teach parents and allowed later consultation at home. We applied Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Affordances in Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale, and a questionnaire about infants' information at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months old. In longitudinal comparison, all groups showed a significant difference for AIMS variables on total score and subscales; all subitems of AHEMD-IS; and time spent in prone, supine, sitting, and standing positions. In general, no differences were found between groups. Motor trajectory, home opportunities, and parental positioning practices were similar between full-term and preterm infants with different guidance approaches.

Does premature birth affect Brazilian parents' practices related to infant positioning?

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the time spent in prone, supine, or seated positions differed between term and preterm infants; and to determine whether a single verbal guidance session for parents changed the time spent in different positions, and, consequently, the motor development scores, after one month in preterm infants. METHODS: Sixty-one infants from a full-term and preterm group from Brazil were included. Motor development was assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the parents registered the time spent in each position on a 24-hour schedule. A month after verbal guidance, a second assessment was performed only on the preterm infants. RESULTS: The positioning times awake determined for the full-term and preterm parents were similar. Preterm infants spent more time in the prone sleeping position (2.1 vs. 0.8 h; p=0.037) than full-term infants. The AIMS percentile scores did not differ significantly between the groups. For preterm infants, the time spent in all positions did not change during the second assessment (n=18). CONCLUSIONS: The fact that some parents position their infants in the prone posture during sleeping periods reinforce the importance of parental education approaches for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention during the first months of life. The verbal guidance provided to parents of preterm infants did not influence the AIMS percentile and time spent in various positions but increased preterm parents' confidence in placing their infants in a prone position to play.

Does premature birth affect Brazilian parents' practices related to infant positioning? / A prematuridade afeta as práticas maternas brasileiras relacionadas ao posicionamento de lactentes?

Abstract Objective: To verify whether the time spent in prone, supine, or seated positions differed between term and preterm infants; and to determine whether a single verbal guidance session for parents changed the time spent in different positions, and, consequently, the motor development scores, after one month in preterm infants. Methods: Sixty-one infants from a full-term and preterm group from Brazil were included. Motor development was assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the parents registered the time spent in each position on a 24-hour schedule. A month after verbal guidance, a second assessment was performed only on the preterm infants. Results: The positioning times awake determined for the full-term and preterm parents were similar. Preterm infants spent more time in the prone sleeping position (2.1 vs. 0.8 h; p=0.037) than full-term infants. The AIMS percentile scores did not differ significantly between the groups. For preterm infants, the time spent in all positions did not change during the second assessment (n=18). Conclusions: The fact that some parents position their infants in the prone posture during sleeping periods reinforce the importance of parental education approaches for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention during the first months of life. The verbal guidance provided to parents of preterm infants did not influence the AIMS percentile and time spent in various positions but increased preterm parents' confidence in placing their infants in a prone position to play.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se o tempo nas posições prono, supino ou sentado difere entre lactentes a termo e pré-termo; bem como determinar se uma única sessão de orientação verbal aos pais alterou o tempo despendido nas diferentes posições e, consequentemente, o escore de desenvolvimento motor, após um mês em lactentes pré-termo. Métodos: Foram incluídos 61 lactentes brasileiros nos grupos a termo e pré-termo. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), e os pais registraram o tempo despendido em cada posição em uma linha do tempo de 24 horas. Um mês após a orientação verbal, uma segunda avaliação foi realizada apenas nos lactentes pré-termo. Resultados: O tempo de posicionamento acordado determinado pelos pais de lactentes a termo e pré-termo foi semelhante. Os lactentes pré-termo passaram mais tempo dormindo na posição prona (2,2 vs. 0,8 h; p=0,037) do que os lactentes a termo. Os escores de percentil AIMS não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos. Para lactentes pré-termo, o tempo despendido em todas as posições não se modificou durante a segunda avaliação (n=18). Conclusões: O fato de alguns pais posicionarem os lactentes em decúbito ventral durante os períodos de sono reforça a importância das abordagens educativas parentais para a prevenção da síndrome da morte súbita do lactente (SMSL) durante os primeiros meses de vida. A orientação verbal fornecida aos pais de prematuros não influenciou o percentil da AIMS e o tempo de permanência em várias posições, mas aumentou a confiança dos pais de lactentes prematuros em utilizar a posição prona para brincar.

Jaw and neck muscle activity during chewing and craniocervical dysfunction index in children, adolescents, and adults with and without cystic fibrosis: a comparative analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare masticatory muscle activity between people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and healthy controls and to verify whether craniocervical dysfunction is associated with the presence of CF. METHODS: Fifty-six participants were assessed and divided into pwCF and healthy control (HC) groups, each one composed of 13 children and adolescents at 9 (SD 3) years old and 15 adults at 25 (SD 6) years old. Craniocervical Dysfunction Index assessed symptoms of dysfunction and cervical spine mobility. Electromyography was used to evaluate the jaw and neck muscle activity during chewing. RESULTS: Muscle activity during chewing was not statistically different between groups. Prevalence of craniocervical dysfunction was 75% for pwCF vs 64% for healthy controls. Individuals with CF are 1.53 [1.260, 1.870] times more likely to have reduced cervical mobility compared to healthy controls (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the need for musculoskeletal disorders treatment in the management of pwCF.

Masticatory muscles electrical activity, stress and posture in preadolescents and adolescents with and without temporomandibular dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the difference between the masticatory muscles' electrical activity, stress signals and the posture of preadolescents and adolescents with and without temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). METHODS: 24 preadolescents and adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years old were divided into two groups, TMD group (TMDG) and control group (CG). All subjects were submitted to anthropometric measurements, psychological stress analysis, temporomandibular joint clinical evaluation and TMD verification; postural evaluation and masseter and temporal muscles electrical activity analysis during chewing. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used according to data distribution. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the groups for the electrical activity of the right temporal muscles (7.43% ± 2.92 vs. 11.71% ± 5.37) and left (7.70% ± 4.04 vs.11.44% ± 4.03) in the inactive period of chewing between CG and TMDG, respectively. There was no difference in stress or posture variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: During the inactive period of chewing, there was greater activation of the temporal muscles in the TMDG. Female gender was prevalent in TMDG. The study participants showed signs of stress, regardless of the group. The posture and TMD relationship still need to be studied.

Relação entre o tempo de permanência em prono, supino e sentado, e o desenvolvimento motor até seis meses de idade / Relation between prone, supine and sitting positioning time and motor development up to six months old

[{"text": "Introdução: Como a aquisição de habilidades motoras depende de fatores, como ambiente e experiência,\r\ntem-se que o desenvolvimento motor pode ser influenciado pelo posicionamento do lactente nos primeiros meses de vida. Objetivo: Verificar se há relação entre o tempo de permanência em prono, supino e sentado, e o desenvolvimento motor até seis meses de idade. Método: Foram avaliados 92 lactentes, a termo, de ambos os sexos, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o bimestre correspondente à idade cronológica. Para verificar o tempo de permanência em cada postura, durante os períodos acordado e dormindo, foi desenvolvida uma escala de tempo correspondente a 24 horas, na qual cada período de uma hora poderia ser preenchido com uma opção de posicionamento. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado por meio da Alberta Infant Motor Scale. O Teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade de distribuição dos dados. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis, foi utilizado o Teste de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Houve associação positiva entre o desenvolvimento motor e o tempo de permanência\r\ndormindo e acordado, em prono e sentado, e associação negativa, com o tempo dormindo e acordado em supino. Conclusão: O tempo despendido em prono e sentado pode ser considerado como positivo para o desenvolvimento motor. Já o tempo em supino pode influenciar negativamente o desenvolvimento motor. Sugere-se então que a intervenção, por meio de orientações aos pais e cuidadores, seja importante. Lactentes devem ser estimulados em diferentes posturas para que a aquisição das habilidades motoras ocorra de forma adequada.", "_i": "pt"}, {"text": "Introduction: The acquisition of motor skills depends on factors such as environment and experience.\r\nIt follows that the motor development may be influenced by the positioning of infants during the first months of life. Objective: To verify the relation between prone, supine and sitting positioning time and motor development up to six months old. Method: Were evaluated 92 infants at term, of both genders, divided into three groups according to the corresponding bimester of chronological age (1st bimester, n = 30; 2nd bimester, n = 30; 3rd bimester, n = 32). To verify the time spent in each position during the awake and sleeping periods, a timeline corresponding to 24 hours was developed. Each one-hour period could be filled with a positioning option. Motor development was assessed by Alberta Infant Motor Scale. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of data distribution. The Spearman correlation test was used to verify the association between the variables. Results: There was a positive association between motor development and the sleeping time and awake time in prone and sitting postures; and\r\nnegative with the sleeping time and awake time in supine. Conclusion: The time spent in prone and sitting can be considered as positive for motor development. The time that the infant remains supine can negatively influence the motor development. It is suggested that intervention through guidance to parents and caregivers is important. Infants should be stimulated on different postures so that the acquisition of motor abilities occurs properly.", "_i": "en"}]

Motor behavior of masticatory muscles in individuals with unilateral trans-incisive foramen cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) have altered control of masticatory muscles. METHODS: The muscular activity of 66 children with CLP (n = 33) and without CLP (n = 33), aged 6-12 years was assessed during different tasks (rest, isometry, mastication) using electromyography. RESULTS: The activation for the analyzed muscles was higher in children with CLP at rest (R) and inactive period (IP) (p < 0.05). The muscles of children with CLP remained active for longer than those without CLP (p < 0.05), and the length of the masticatory cycle was higher in children with CLP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with CLP have longer muscle activation and increased cycle time during the chewing cycle, which might be a consequence of malocclusion, resulting in difficulty chewing.

Effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles activity in subjects with temporomandibular disorder. / Efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior em indivíduos com DTM.

Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and temporal muscles activity. Methods 49 female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age were divided into TMD (n: 26) and control groups (n: 23). Surface electromyograph was used to evaluate the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during contraction and rest protocols. The root means square, median frequency and slope coefficient of the linear regression line parameters were analyzed. Results A significant effect of time in the contraction and rest muscle protocols was found. TMD patients showed a significant decrease in median frequency in the right masseter muscle and the slope coefficient in the right temporal muscle during the contraction protocol to control subjects. Conclusion Despite the TMD patients presented with higher fatigue susceptibility compared to the control group, both groups must meet the maximum time of 5 s of maximum voluntary contraction and at least 30 s rest between successive contractions of masticatory muscles during clinical or research assessment protocols.

Efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior em indivíduos com DTM / Effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles activity in subjects with temporomandibular disorder

RESUMO Objetivo O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal. Métodos 49 sujeitos do sexo feminino com idade entre 18 e 30 anos foram divididos em grupos DTM (n: 26) e controle (n: 23). A eletromiografia de superfície foi utilizada para avaliar os músculos temporal anterior e masseter durante protocolos de contração e repouso muscular. Foram analisados os parâmetros eletromiográfico raiz quadrada da média, frequência mediana e o coeficiente da inclinação da reta de regressão linear. Resultados Foi encontrado efeito significativo do tempo no protocolo de contração e de repouso muscular. No protocolo de contração, sujeitos com DTM apresentaram significativa diminuição da frequência mediana no masseter direito e do coeficiente de inclinação do músculo temporal direito comparados ao grupo controle. Conclusão Apesar de os sujeitos com DTM apresentarem maior suscetibilidade à fadiga, comparados aos controles, ambos os grupos devem respeitar o tempo máximo de 5 s de contração voluntária máxima e no mínimo 30 s de repouso entre sucessivas contrações da musculatura mastigatória durante protocolos de avaliação clínica ou de pesquisa.

ABSTRACT Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and temporal muscles activity. Methods 49 female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age were divided into TMD (n: 26) and control groups (n: 23). Surface electromyograph was used to evaluate the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during contraction and rest protocols. The root means square, median frequency and slope coefficient of the linear regression line parameters were analyzed. Results A significant effect of time in the contraction and rest muscle protocols was found. TMD patients showed a significant decrease in median frequency in the right masseter muscle and the slope coefficient in the right temporal muscle during the contraction protocol to control subjects. Conclusion Despite the TMD patients presented with higher fatigue susceptibility compared to the control group, both groups must meet the maximum time of 5 s of maximum voluntary contraction and at least 30 s rest between successive contractions of masticatory muscles during clinical or research assessment protocols.

The influence of seat heights and foot placement positions on postural control in children with cerebral palsy during a sit-to-stand task.

This paper aimed to analyze, from both a kinetic and kinematic perspective, the postural control of children with cerebral palsy (CP) able to independently perform the sit-to-stand (STS) task (ICP) and children who needed support (SCP) typically developing children during the STS; and also investigate the influence of seats heights and foot placement positions on postural control of these children. Fourteen children with CP and fourteen typically developing controls were recruited. Based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) the children with CP were divided into ICP (level I) and SCP (levels II and III). Balance was assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale. Motor function was rated using the GMFCS. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded and analyzed during the STS task at two different seat heights and foot placement positions. The SCP exhibited significantly less balance according to the PBS and smaller displacement of their center of pressure (COP) in anteroposterior (COPAP) and mediolateral (COPML) direction relative to the other two groups. ICP demonstrated significant greater in the COPML displacement than the other groups. Children with CP required more time to complete the STS than controls. Those in the SCP group had lower linear displacement of the shoulder and knee than others during the STS task. During the high bench condition, the linear displacements of the shoulder and knee were reduced also. We conclude that the SCP has less COPAP and COPML oscillation, what means the better postural control during STS than the other two groups, which may be related to the support provided. The ICP exhibited greater COPML oscillations than controls, suggesting that they utilized different strategies in the frontal plane during the STS task. The seat height and foot placement did not influence postural control in children with CP, at least in terms of kinetic parameters. Seat height influenced the kinematic variables, with a high bench reducing linear displacement of the shoulder (vertical and horizontal) and knee (vertical) both in children with CP and control children.

[Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children]. / Influência da flexibilidade e sexo na postura de escolares.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. METHOD: Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied. RESULTS: Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups. CONCLUSION: Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility.

Influence of craniomandibular and cervical pain on the activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spine region in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and to analyze the effects of these disorders on the bilateral activation of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MA) muscles during the masticatory cycle. METHODS: The participants were 55 female volunteers aged 18-30 years. The presence of TMD and craniomandibular and cervical spine pain was evaluated by applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and using a combination of tests for the cervical region. The muscle activity of AT and MA during the masticatory cycle was assessed using the symmetry and antero-posterior coefficient indices. RESULTS: The AT activity during the masticatory cycle is more asymmetric in individuals with TMD. The craniomandibular pain, more prevalent in these individuals, influenced these results. CONCLUSION: Individuals with TMD showed changes in the pattern activity of AT. The craniomandibular nociceptive inputs can influence the increase in asymmetry of the activation of this muscle.

Influence of craniomandibular and cervical pain on the activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder / Influência da dor craniomandibular e cervical na atividade dos músculos mastigatórios em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spine region in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and to analyze the effects of these disorders on the bilateral activation of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MA) muscles during the masticatory cycle. Methods: The participants were 55 female volunteers aged 18–30 years. The presence of TMD and craniomandibular and cervical spine pain was evaluated by applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and using a combination of tests for the cervical region. The muscle activity of AT and MA during the masticatory cycle was assessed using the symmetry and antero-posterior coefficient indices. Results: The AT activity during the masticatory cycle is more asymmetric in individuals with TMD. The craniomandibular pain, more prevalent in these individuals, influenced these results. Conclusion: Individuals with TMD showed changes in the pattern activity of AT. The craniomandibular nociceptive inputs can influence the increase in asymmetry of the activation of this muscle. .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dor nas regiões craniomandibular e cervical em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) e analisar o efeito dessas desordens na ativação bilateral dos músculos temporal anterior (TA) e masseter (MA) durante o ciclo mastigatório. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 55 voluntários do sexo feminino com idade de 18 a 30 anos. A presença de DTM e de dor craniomandibular e cervical foi avaliada por meio do questionário Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) e uma combinação de testes para a região cervical. A análise da ativação muscular do TA e MA durante o ciclo mastigatório foi realizada através dos índices de simetria e do coeficiente anteroposterior. Resultados: A atividade dos músculos TA, durante o ciclo mastigatório, é mais assimétrica em indivíduos com DTM. A dor craniomandibular, mais prevalente nesses indivíduos, influencia nesses resultados. Conclusão: Indivíduos com DTM apresentam alteração no padrão mastigatório do músculo TA e estímulos nociceptivos da região craniomandibular podem influenciar no aumento da assimetria de ativação dessa musculatura. .

Influência da flexibilidade e sexo na postura de escolares / Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children

Objetivo: Verificar se a flexibilidade e o sexo exercem influência sobre a postura de escolares. Método: Foram avaliados 60 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 14 anos, divididos em dois grupos: flexibilidade normal (n=21) e flexibilidade reduzida (n=39). A flexibilidade e a postura foram avaliadas, respectivamente, por meio da fotogrametria e do teste de elevação dos membros inferiores em extensão, considerando o ângulo da perna e a avaliação postural. Para o tratamento de dados, foi feita a estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão). A análise de variância univariada (ANOVA) foi utilizada para verificar a influência conjunta dos fatores flexibilidade e sexo nas variáveis dependentes posturais. Após verificar efeito interativo entre esses dois fatores, procederam-se as comparações múltiplas, utilizando o teste t. Resultados: A variável flexibilidade exerceu efeito sobre o ângulo de simetria do joelho (p<0,05) e da inclinação corporal ântero-posterior (p<0,05). O sexo não apresentou influência sobre os ângulos posturais (p>0,05). Houve interação entre as variáveis flexibilidade e sexo no ângulo de simetria do joelho (p<0,02). Escolares do sexo masculino e flexibilidade reduzida apresentaram maior assimetria de joelho, comparados aos outros subgrupos. Conclusão: A postura sofreu efeito isolado da variável flexibilidade e efeito interativo entre o sexo e a flexibilidade...

Objective: To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. Method: Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied. Results: Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups. Conclusion: Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility...

Influência do perfil nutricional e da atividade física na postura de crianças e adolescentes / Influence of nutritional status and physical activity on the posture of children and adolescents / Influencia del perfil nutricional y actividad física en la postura de niños y adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do perfil nutricional e da atividade física na postura de crianças e adolescentes. Foram avaliados 60 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 14 anos. A postura foi avaliada por meio da fotogrametria. Para determinar o nível de atividade física foi utilizado o Questionário de Atividade Física para Crianças (PAQ-C). A classificação do perfil nutricional foi realizada por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal por idade e com relação ao sexo. Os resultados mostraram que a atividade física exerceu efeito sobre os ângulos assimetria do ombro (AO) e assimetria corporal (ACO) (p<0,05). O grupo ativo apresentou maior assimetria nos ângulos de AO e ACO comparado ao grupo sedentário (p<0,05). O perfil nutricional não influenciou nenhum ângulo postural (p>0,05). Também não houve efeito interativo entre os parâmetros avaliados sobre os ângulos posturais (p>0,05). É importante o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e intervencionistas, como atividade física controlada e acompanhamento nutricional, no alinhamento postural de crianças e adolescentes em idade escolar...

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of nutritional status and physical activity on the posture of children and adolescents. Sixty individuals from both genders aged between 5 years and 14 years were evaluated. The posture was assessed by photogrammetry. The physical activity level was determined through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). The nutritional status classification was made using the body mass index for age and gender. The results showed that the physical activity variable had an effect on the shoulder and body asymmetry angles (p<0.05). The active group presented greater asymmetry in the shoulder and body asymmetry angles compared to the sedentary group (p<0.05). The nutritional status did not affect any postural angle (p>0.05). There was no interactive effect between the evaluated variables on the postural angles (p>0.05). The development of preventive and interventionist actions, such as controlled physical activity and nutritional monitoring, is important for the postural alignment of school children and school adolescents...

El objetivo del estudio fue verificar el efecto del perfil nutricional y de la actividad física en la postura de niños y adolescentes. Fueron evaluados 60 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 5 y 14 años. La postura fue evaluada por medio de fotogrametría. Para determinar el nivel de actividad física fue utilizado el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para niños (PAQ-C). La clasificación del perfil nutricional fue realizada por medio del Índice de Masa Corporal por edad y con relación al sexo. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad física ejerce un efecto sobre los ángulos de asimetría del hombro (AH) y asimetría corporal (ACO) (p<0,05). El grupo activo presentó mayor asimetría en los ángulos AH y ACO comparado al grupo sedentario (p<0,05). El perfil nutricional no influenció ningún ángulo postural (p<0,05). También no hubo efecto interactivo entre los parámetros evaluados sobre los ángulos posturales (p<0,05). Es importante el desenvolvimiento de acciones preventivas e intervenciones, como la actividad física controlada y acompañamiento nutricional, en el alineamiento postural de niños y adolescentes en edad escolar...

Efeito do sedentarismo, perfil nutricional e sexo na flexibilidade de escolares / Effect of sedentary lifestyle, nutritional status and sex on the flexibility of school children

Introdução: os hábitos de vida da atualidade têm levado a um estilo de vida mais sedentário, contribuindo para o aumento da obesidade. Desta forma é necessário compreender se estas mudanças influenciam na flexibilidade do indivíduo. Objetivo: verificar se sexo, sedentarismo e perfil nutricional influenciam o nível de flexibilidade de escolares. Método: foram avaliados 60 escolares de ambos os sexos com idade entre cinco a 14 anos, divididos em dois grupos: flexibilidade normal (n=21) e flexibilidade reduzida (n=39). A flexibilidade dos escolares foi avaliada por meio da fotogrametriaatravés do teste de elevação dos MMII em extensão considerando o ângulo da perna. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado através do Questionário de Atividade física para Crianças e a classificação do perfil nutricional foi realizada utilizando o Índice de Massa Corporal por idade e com relação ao sexo. Resultados: os grupos com flexibilidade normal e reduzida, não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação à idade, peso e altura (p>0,05). Não foi observado diferenças (p>0,05) nos ângulos da perna na comparação entre os grupos sedentários e ativos; obesos e não obesos, e entre os grupos do sexo feminino e masculino. Conclusões: o sexo, sedentarismo e o perfil nutricionalnão influenciaram a flexibilidade dos escolares avaliados.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: assart-day life habits have led to a more sedentary lifestyle, contributing to increased obesity. In view of these changes, it is necessary to understand whether the flexibility of the individual has also been influenced. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the influence of sex, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status on the flexibility of elementary school children. METHODS: 60 cheldren of both sexes aged five to 14 years were divided into a normal flexibility group (n = 21) and a reduced flexibility group (n = 39). Flexibility was evaluated by photogrammetry using the straight leg raise test, considering the leg angle. The physical activity level was evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, and nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index for age and sex. RESULTS: the normal flexibility group and the reduced flexibility group presented no significant differences regarding age, weight or height (p > 0.05). No differences were found (p > 0.05) in leg angle between the active and sedentary groups, the obese and nonobese or between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: sex, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status exercized to influence on the flexibility of students.(AU)

Efeito do sedentarismo, perfil nutricional e sexo na flexibilidade de escolares / Effect of sedentary lifestyle, nutritional status and sex on the flexibility of school children

Introdução: os hábitos de vida da atualidade têm levado a um estilo de vida mais sedentário, contribuindo para o aumento da obesidade. Desta forma é necessário compreender se estas mudanças influenciam na flexibilidade do indivíduo. Objetivo: verificar se sexo, sedentarismo e perfil nutricional influenciam o nível de flexibilidade de escolares. Método: foram avaliados 60 escolares de ambos os sexos com idade entre cinco a 14 anos, divididos em dois grupos: flexibilidade normal (n=21) e flexibilidade reduzida (n=39). A flexibilidade dos escolares foi avaliada por meio da fotogrametriaatravés do teste de elevação dos MMII em extensão considerando o ângulo da perna. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado através do Questionário de Atividade física para Crianças e a classificação do perfil nutricional foi realizada utilizando o Índice de Massa Corporal por idade e com relação ao sexo. Resultados: os grupos com flexibilidade normal e reduzida, não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação à idade, peso e altura (p>0,05). Não foi observado diferenças (p>0,05) nos ângulos da perna na comparação entre os grupos sedentários e ativos; obesos e não obesos, e entre os grupos do sexo feminino e masculino. Conclusões: o sexo, sedentarismo e o perfil nutricionalnão influenciaram a flexibilidade dos escolares avaliados.

INTRODUCTION: assart-day life habits have led to a more sedentary lifestyle, contributing to increased obesity. In view of these changes, it is necessary to understand whether the flexibility of the individual has also been influenced. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the influence of sex, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status on the flexibility of elementary school children. METHODS: 60 cheldren of both sexes aged five to 14 years were divided into a normal flexibility group (n = 21) and a reduced flexibility group (n = 39). Flexibility was evaluated by photogrammetry using the straight leg raise test, considering the leg angle. The physical activity level was evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, and nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index for age and sex. RESULTS: the normal flexibility group and the reduced flexibility group presented no significant differences regarding age, weight or height (p > 0.05). No differences were found (p > 0.05) in leg angle between the active and sedentary groups, the obese and nonobese or between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: sex, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status exercized to influence on the flexibility of students.