[Usefulness of cholinesterase determination in ascitic fluid in the differential diagnosis of ascites]. / Utilidad de la determinación de la colinesterasa en líquido ascítico en el diagnóstico diferencial de la ascitis.

BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase is an enzyme mainly synthesized in the liver that might play a role in the differential diagnosis of ascites. We prospectively compared the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic usefulness of the ascites cholinesterase and the classical parameters, ascites total protein concentration and serum-ascites albumin gradient in the differential diagnosis of ascites. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between those parameters and the degree of liver failure. METHODS: A total of 91 patients with ascites were analyzed. According the final diagnosis, patients were classified in two groups, patients with signs of portal hypertension [n = 78] (60 with chronic liver disease, 5 chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, 3 chronic liver disease and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 3 chronic liver disease and secondary peritonitis, 7 malignancy with liver involvement) and patients with no signs of portal hypertension [n = 13] (12 patients with peritoneal neoplasia without liver involvement and 1 tuberculous peritonitis). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the test for detecting portal hypertensive ascites was lowest for ascites cholinesterase less than 600 U/L (71.7%); intermediate with ascites total protein concentration less than 25 g/l (87.2%) and highest with serum-ascites albumin gradient at least 11 g/l (93.6%). The specificity for ruling out portal hypertensive ascites was 100 percent for ascites total protein > or = 25 g/l and ascites cholinesterase > or = 600 U/L and, 76.9 percent for serum-ascites albumin gradient < 11 g/l). Diagnostic efficiency (percentage of patients accurately classified) was greater for serum-ascitis albumin gradient (91.2%; IC95: 83-95.8), and lower for ascites total protein content (89%, IC95: 80.3-94.3) and, ascites cholinesterase (75.8%; IC95: 65.5-83.9). Ascites cholinesterase showed a significant relationship (p = 0.007) with the degree of liver failure measured by Pugh's classification. CONCLUSION: Serum-ascites albumin gradient was the test with best performance characteristics to identify patients with ascites related with portal hypertension. Our results suggest that ascites cholinesterase is more associated with the degree of liver failure than with the presence of portal hypertension.

Utilidad de la determinación de la colinesterasa en líquido ascítico en el diagnóstico diferencial de la ascitis / Usefulness of ascities cholinesterase in the differential diagnosis of ascities

En el presente estudio hemos comparado de forma prospectiva la sensibilidad, especificidad y la eficiencia diagnóstica de la colinesterasa en líquido ascítico, la concentración de proteínas totales en líquido ascítico y el gradiente suero-ascitis de albúmina en el diagnóstico diferencial de la ascitis. Asimismo hemos evaluado la asociación entre los parámetros descritos y el grado de insuficiencia hepática. Un total de 91 pacientes consecutivos con ascitis fueron analizados. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según su diagnóstico final en dos grandes grupos: pacientes con signos de hipertensión portal [n=78] (60 pacientes con cirrosis hepática como único hallazgo, 5 con cirrosis hepática y carcinoma hepatocelular, 6 con cirrosis hepática y peritonitis bacteriana espontánea o secundaria y 7 con neoplasia con metástasis hepáticas) y pacientes sin signos de hipertensión portal [n=13] (12 pacientes con neoplasia sin afectación hepática y uno con tuberculosis peritoneal). Los pacientes con cirrosis hepática fueron agrupados por grado de insuficiencia hepática según la clasificación de Pugh. Resultados: La sensibilidad para detectar ascitis asociada a hipertensión portal fue baja para la colinesterasa en líquido ascítico £ de 600 U/L (71,7 porciento; IC95: 60,3-81,1); intermedia para concentración de proteínas totales en líquido ascítico 600 U/L (100 porciento, IC95: 75,3-100) y para concentración de proteínas totales en líquido ascítico =25 g/l (100 porciento; IC95: 75,3-100) y menor para el gradiente suero-ascitis de albúmina < 11 g/l (76,9; IC95: 46,1-93,7). La eficiencia diagnóstica (porcentaje de pacientes correctamente clasificados) fue máxima para el gradiente suero-ascitis de albúmina (91,2 porciento; IC95 83,0-95,8) y menor para la concentración de proteínas en líquido ascítico (89 porciento, IC95: 80,3-94,3) y para la colinesterasa en líquido ascítico (75,8 porciento; IC95: 65,5-83,9). La colinesterasa en líquido ascítico mostró una asociación significativa (p=0,007) con el grado de insuficiencia hepática. Conclusión: El gradiente suero-ascitis de albúmina fue la prueba con mejor rendimiento para identificar los pacientes con ascitis debida a hipertensión portal (AU)

[Total creatine kinase (CK), CK-2 and myoglobin in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct in an emergency service]. / La creatincinasa (CK) total, la CK-2 y la mioglobina en el diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio en un servicio de urgencias.

BACKGROUND: In situations with important limitation in the number of beds available the decision of whether to admit a patient with suspected myocardial infarction into a coronary unit is frequently based on certain laboratory tests. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-five patients who went to the hospital for thoracic pain and those for whom the physician on duty requested serum creatinkinase (CK) determination were studied. In addition to total CK, CK-2 and myoglobin were determined in the initial serum sample. The diagnostic performance of these tests was compared with the clinical algorithm developed by Goldman et al to predict the probability of infarction. RESULTS: The prevalence of infarction in the sample was 10%. The number of patients admitted to the ICU represented 26% of those who would have been admitted upon applying the standard criteria. The tests demonstrating the greatest area under the ROC the Goldman et al algorithm (0.78) and myoglobin (0.69). The sensitivity of the laboratory tests was too low to be used as a method of selection. The additional diagnostic information obtained from the myoglobin was of slight relevance when compared to that obtained from the clinical algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of the serum determinations of creatinkinase, creatinkinase-2 and myoglobin does not justify their use as method of patient selection.

[The effects of verapamil in experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat]. / Efectos del verapamil en la pancreatitis aguda experimental de la rata.

Experimental studies have shown that verapamil inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion. In order to determine whether verapamil has any effect on acute pancreatitis (AP), we undertook an experimental study in Wistar rats. We used 72 animals divided into two groups. In all animals of both experimental groups, AP was induced by ligation of the biliary duct at its entrance in the duodenum. Animals were given saline (NaCl 0.9%), or 0.30 mgrs/hour verapamil. Subgroups of 9 animals, were treated for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours; 6 animals group were then sacrificed, for biochemical studies (serum amilase, lipase, and calcium; and trypsin and chemotrypsin in the homogenized pancreas); the other 3 animals were used for morphologic study of the pancreas. Verapamil treatment decreased significantly tissue activity of trypsin (p less than 0.001) and chemotrypsin (p less than 0.0001) and increased serum lipase (p less than 0.05), and calcium. There was no statistical difference in serum amylase. Morphological findings include oedema, acinar necrosis, hemorrhage and vasculitis in non treated animals. Only oedema was observed in animals treated with verapamil. These results suggest a beneficial effect of verapamil on experimental AP induced by ligation of the bile duct in the rat.

[Biochemical and functional changes in experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat]. / Alteraciones bioquímicas y funcionales de la pancreatitis aguda experimental de la rata.

To discover the biochemical alterations occurring in the first 24 hours of acute pancreatitis (PA), we made an experimental study using rats. We used 90 animals in which necrosis and hemorrhage were induced by closing the choledochus. Animals underwent evolutive periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. They were sacrificed and plasma (to determine amylase, lipase, creatinine and calcium), urine (amylase and creatinine), ascitic and pleural liquid (amylase and lipase) were obtained from 6 animals of each evolutive period. We made a post-mortem study of the pancreas of three animals of each subgroup. There was a significant increase in the amylasemia from the third hour (p less than 0.005) and of plasmatic lipase from the first hour (p less than 0.0001). Creatinine values remained in normal range and calcemia fell after the sixth hour (p less than 0.001). There was an increase in amylase concentration in urine and in ascitic and pleural liquids, and of the lipase in the last two. These changes correlated with the duration of the disease and with the histologic changes of the gland, which consist in edema, acinar necrosis, vasculitis and hemorrhage, which are present from the first hour and increase as time passes.