Long-term satellite tracking reveals variable seasonal migration strategies of basking sharks in the north-east Atlantic.

Animal migration is ubiquitous in nature with individuals within a population often exhibiting varying movement strategies. The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the world's second largest fish species, however, a comprehensive understanding of their long-term wider-ranging movements in the north-east Atlantic is currently lacking. Seventy satellite tags were deployed on basking sharks over four years (2012-2015) off the west coast of Scotland and the Isle of Man. Data from 28 satellite tags with attachment durations of over 165 days reveal post-summer ranging behaviours. Tagged sharks moved a median minimum straight-line distance of 3,633 km; achieving median displacement of 1,057 km from tagging locations. Tagged individuals exhibited one of three migration behaviours: remaining in waters of UK, Ireland and the Faroe Islands; migrating south to the Bay of Biscay or moving further south to waters off the Iberian Peninsula, and North Africa. Sharks used both continental shelf areas and oceanic habitats, primarily in the upper 50-200 m of the water column, spanning nine geo-political zones and the High Seas, demonstrating the need for multi-national cooperation in the management of this species across its range.

Population structure and residency of whale sharks Rhincodon typus at Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras.

There were 479 reported whale shark Rhincodon typus encounters between 1999 and 2011 at the island of Utila, which forms part of the Meso-American Barrier Reef System (MBRS) in the western Caribbean Sea. The majority of R. typus were found to feed on small bait fish associated with various tuna species. Ninety-five individual R. typus, ranging from 2 to 11 m total length (LT ), were identified through their unique spot patterns. A significant male bias (65%) was present. There was no significant difference between the mean ± s.d. LT of female (6·66 ± 1·65 m) and male (6·25 ± 1·60 m) R. typus. Most R. typus were transient to Utila, with 78% sighted only within a single calendar year, although some individuals were sighted in up to 5 years. Mean residency time was modelled to be 11·76 days using maximum likelihood methods.

CT demonstration of irrigant extravasation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Two patients with extensive irrigant solution extravasation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy documented by computed tomography (CT) are described. This complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy often can be avoided by careful attention to technique. CT can accurately confirm the diagnosis.

Calcified ganglioneuroma of the bladder.

Ganglioneuromas involving the genitourinary tract are extremely rare but are potentially serious tumors. We describe a patient, known to have von Recklinghausen's disease, who presented with a calcified ganglioneuroma of the bladder demonstrated by intravenous urography, sonography, and computed tomography.