[Calcium antagonists in the urethral syndrome of women with urinary incontinence and urgency]. / Uso de antagonistas del calcio en el tratamiento del síndrome uretral en las mujeres con urgencia e incontinencia urinaria.

OBJECTIVE: The action of the antagonists of the calcium was evaluated in the Urethral Syndrome of the woman (incontinence, urgency, disury). PATIENT AND METHODS: In 60 female's patients that went for urethral syndrome. I used the Cinarizina in 20 patients, and the Flunarizina in 20 patients. And in 20 patients were used placebo. RESULTS: In the patients that used Flunarizina and Cinarizina were observed a reduction of the urine incontinence, of the urgency, and the disury, the micturition was lingering and easy, the number of the micturitions decreased by the morning, compared with the patients that used placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The antagonists of the calcium can be useful in those patients with urethral syndrome especially the biggest women.

Uso de antagonistas del calcio en el tratamiento del síndrome uretral en las mujeres con urgencia e incontinencia urinaria / Calcium antagonist in the urethral syndrome of the woman with incontinence and urgence

Objetivo: Se evalúa la acción de los antagonistas del calcio en el Síndrome Uretral de la mujer (incontinencia, urgencia, disuria). Pacientes y Metodos: En 60 pacientes de sexo femenino que acudieron con Síndrome Uretral. Se utilizo la Cinarizina en 20 pacientes, y la Flunarizina en 20 pacientes. Y en 20 pacientes se utilizó placebo. Resultados: En las pacientes que recibieron Flunarizina como Cinarizina se observo una reducción de la incontinencia de orina, de la urgencia, y de la disuria, la micción fue mas prolongada y más fácil, el número de las micciones se redujo al día, comparados con las pacientes tratadas con placebo. Conclusiones: Los antagonistas del calcio pueden ser útiles en aquellas pacientes con síndrome uretral en especial en las mujeres mayores

Objective: The action of the antagonists of the calcium was evaluated in the Urethral Syndrome of the woman (incontinence, urgency, disury). Patient and Methods: In 60 female’s patients that went for urethral syndrome. I used the Cinarizina in 20 patients, and the Flunarizina in 20 patients. And in 20 patients were used placebo. Results: In the patients that used Flunarizina and Cinarizina were observed a reduction of the urine incontinence, of the urgency, and the disury, the micturition was lingering and easy, the number of the micturitions decreased by the morning, compared with the patients that used placebo. Conclusions: The antagonists of the calcium can be useful in those patients with urethral syndrome especially the biggest women

¿Es necesaria la orquidectomía en los pacientes con testículo no descendido post-puberal? / Is necessary to practice orchiectomy inpatients with post-puberal maldescended testes?

Ojetivo: La criptorquidia es un factor de riesgo de cáncer de testículo, y se ha asociado con cáncer en el testículo contralateral. Los mecanismos por lo cual incrementa el riesgo de cáncer en el testículo criptorquídicono está claro. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron 25 pacientes mayores de 20 años que acudieron por Testículo no Descendido (TND); a los cuales se les practicó orquidectomía en 22 testículos y orquidopexia en 7 testículos. El tiempo que los pacientes tuvieron el/los testículos en localización anómala, osciló entre 20-51 años. Resultados: Los pacientes mayores con TND suelen acudir por no palparse el testículo en el escroto, y el 16% por infertilidad. Sólo en 1/25 casos (4%) se demostró cáncer que fue un seminoma puro. Conclusiones: En el seguimiento de los pacientes, ninguno presentó cáncer en el testículo contralateral entre 5-10 años. En los pacientes en los que se efectuó orquidopexia ninguno presentó cáncer del testículo entre 5-11 años (AU)

Objective: The cryptorchidism is a risk factor for testicular cancer and is associated with cancer in the contraleteral testicle. The mechanism that leads to an increased risk of causes in a cryptorchid testis is unclear. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 25 patients of 20-years old for maldescended testicles we practiced orchiectomy in 22 testicles and orchiopexy in 7 testicles. The time patients had the testicles in an anomalous location were between 20-51 years. Results: The elder patients with maldescends testicles came because the couldn’t feel the testicle in the scrotum and the 16% of them because of infertility. Only 1 of 25 cases (4%) were demonstrated cancer with pure seminoma. Conclusions: In the following up of the patients none of them presented contralateral testicle cancer between 5-10 years. The patients who were practiced the orchiopexy no-one presented testicular cancer between 5-11 years (AU)

[Is necessary to practice orchiectomy in patients with post-puberal maldescended testes?]. / Es necesaria la orquidectomía en los pacientes con testiculo no descendido post-puberal?

OBJECTIVE: The cryptorchidism is a risk factor for testicular cancer and is associated with cancer in the contraleteral testicle. The mechanism that leads to an increased risk of causes in a cryptorchid testis is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 25 patients of 20-years old for maldescended testicles we practiced orchiectomy in 22 testicles and orchiopexy in 7 testicles. The time patients had the testicles in an anomalous location were between 20-51 years. RESULTS: The elder patients with maldescends testicles came because the couldn't feel the testicle in the scrotum and the 16% of them because of infertility. Only 1 of 25 cases (4%) were demonstrated cancer with pure seminoma. CONCLUSIONS: In the following up of the patients none of them presented contralateral testicle cancer between 5-10 years. The patients who were practiced the orchiopexy no-one presented testicular cancer between 5-11 years.

[Could the BCG vaccine prevent bladder cancer?]. / La vacuna BCG puede evitar el cáncer de vejiga?

UNLABELLED: In developed countries, the incidence of tuberculous is major, and the incidence of bladder cancer is minor. Above the base of the utility of the BCG in the prevention of the tuberculous and the use in the treatment and prevention of the recurrences of cancer, it's investigated the relation between the 2 pathology's. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We effected a study retrospective and prospective. It's revised the history's of 52 cases of bladder cancer, it's interview 100 persons, and interview medicals what to dedicate to treat patients whit tuberculous, above the existence before patient what had the 2 pathology's or before case vaccinate with BCG what to develop bladder cancer. It's a study effected in tree groups of patients, in a period of 14 year, between 1985-1999. RESULTS: First group: all the cases what development bladder of cancer none of them to vaccinate with BCG. Second group: all to vaccinate with BCG with prevention of lung tuberculous none of them development bladder of cancer in the course of mean of 32 year. Third group: none of the patients what to treat for tuberculous developed bladder of cancer. Never a medical interview observe case some what development the two pathology's, or patients what vaccinate with BCG what development bladder of cancer.

¿La vacuna BCG puede evitar el cáncer de vejiga? / Could the BCG vaccine prevent bladder cancer?

En los países en vía de desarrollo la incidencia de tuberculosis es alta, y la incidencia de cáncer de vejiga es baja. Sobre la base de la utilidad del BCG en la prevención de la TBC y de su uso en el tratamiento y de prevención de las recurrencias del cáncer de vejiga, se investigó la relación entre las 2 patologías. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo y prospectivo. Se revisaron las historias de 52 casos de cáncer de vejiga, se entrevistaron 100 personas, y se entrevistó a médicos que se dedican a tratar pacientes con tuberculosis, sobre la existencia de algún paciente que hubiese tenido las 2 patologías o de algún caso vacunado con BCG, que hubiera desarrollado cáncer de vejiga. Éste es un estudio hecho en tres grupos de pacientes, en un periodo de 14 años, entre 1985 y 1999. RESULTADOS: Primer grupo: todos los casos que desarrollaron cáncer de vejiga a ninguno se le había administrado la vacuna de BCG. Segundo grupo: todos los que recibieron la vacuna de BCG como prevención de TBC pulmonar, ninguno desarrollo cáncer de vejiga en el transcurso de una media de 32 años. Tercer grupo: ningún paciente que fue tratado por tuberculosis desarrolló cáncer de vejiga. Ninguno de los médicos entrevistados habían observado caso alguno que hubiera desarrollado las dos patologías, o pacientes que se hubieran vacunado con BCG, que desarrollara cáncer de vejiga (AU)

In developed countries, the incidence of tuberculous is major, and the incidence of bladder cancer is minor. Above the base of the utility of the BCG in the prevention of the tuberculous and the use in the treatment and prevention of the recurrences of cancer, it’s investigated the relation between the 2 pathology’s. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We effected a study retrospective and prospective. It’s revised the history’s of 52 cases of bladder cancer, it’s interview 100 persons, and interview medicals what to dedicate to treat patients whit tuberculous, above the existence before patient what had the 2 pathology’s or before case vaccinate with BCG what to develop bladder cancer. It’s a study effected in tree groups of patients, in a period of 14 year, between 1985-1999. RESULTS: First group: all the cases what development bladder of cancer none of them to vaccinate with BCG. Second group: all to vaccinate with BCG with prevention of lung tuberculous none of them development bladder of cancer in the course of mean of 32 year. Third group: none of the patients what to treat for tuberculous developed bladder of cancer. Never a medical interview observe case some what development the two pathology’s, or patients what vaccinate with BCG what development bladder of cancer (AU)

[Renal abscess perforated into the thorax]. / Absceso renal con perforación a tórax.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of secondary renal abscess to a xanthogranulomatosis pyelonephritis with perforation to chest that required nephrectomy and decortication left pleural. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patient feminine of 38 years that present infections from the tract urinary secondary to kidney lithiasis that evolve to a kidney abscess that you perforates to chest where you forms an abscess. It was treated with nephrectomy and drainage of chest abscess by chest tube, and later decortication, with good evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The kidney abscess and/or xanthogranulomatosis pyelonephritis are the result of a lithiasis not treated obstruction that conditions to the appearance of urinary infection and posterior pyonephrosis and or kidney abscess. The not early detection of the kidney abscess conditions to the perforation to retroperitoneal, intra-abdominal and to chest. The early treatment of the abscess (antibiotics and percutaneous drainage) it can avoid the nephrectomy.

[Use of flavonoids (hesperidin) in the treatment of bleeding bladder varices]. / Uso de flavonoides (Hesperidina) en el tratamiento de venas varicosas vesicales sangrantes.

OBJECTIVE: To inform of the use of the Flavonoids in the treatment of bladder varicose veins, and their effectiveness. PATIENT: It is informed of 4 cases that went for haematuria, and that in the cystoscopy one observes bladder varicose veins, bleeding in 2 cases, in them you uses Hesperidina 150 mg bid or tid for 30 days. RESULTS: They were good, the 2 cases that bled the haematuria disappeared and in the 4 cases in the control cystoscopy the varicose veins had disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment antivaricose or antihemorrhoidal can be useful in the treatment of bladder varicose veins. It should be given as minimum by 30 days.

Uso de flavonoides (hesperidina) en el tratamiento de venas varicosasvesicales sangrantes / Treatment of bladder varicose veins with flavonoids (hesperidina)

OBJETIVO: Informar del uso de los Flavonoides (Hesperidina) en el tratamiento de varices vesicales, y su eficacia. PACIENTES: Se informa de 4 casos que acudieron por hematuria, y que en la cistoscopia se observó varices vesicales, sangrantes en 2 casos; en ellos se utilizó Hesperidina 150 Mg. bid o tid por 30 días. RESULTADOS: Fueron buenos, en los 2 casos que sangraban desapareció la hematuria y en los 4 casos en la cistoscopia de control las varices habían desaparecido. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento antivaricoso o anti-hemorroidal puede ser útil en el tratamiento de varices vesicales. Se debe de dar como mínimo por 30 días (AU)

[Primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter]. / Adenocarcinoma primario de uréter.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter with presentation of a case. METHODS/RESULTS: A female patient presented with renal colic. Histological analysis showed a primary adenocarcinoma of the ureter. Segmental ureterectomy was performed with good results. CONCLUSIONS: Adenocarcinoma of the ureter is not very frequent. Diagnosis is usually based on the histological findings. Segmental ureterectomy can be a surgical alternative.

[Medical treatment of uric acid lithiasis of the urinary tract and usefulness of double J catheter]. / Tratamiento médico de la litiasis de ácido úrico del tracto urinario y utilidad del catéter doble "J".

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utility of chemolysis and the double-J ureteral catheter in patients with uric acid calculi. METHODS: The study comprised 30 patients (28 men and 2 women) treated with chemolysis for uric acid calculi and who consulted for renal colic. The indication for placement of a double-J ureteral stent were pain, moderate-to-severe hydronephrosis, fever and urinary tract infection. The calculi were < or = 10 mm in size and were located in the renal pelvis (3), upper ureter (5), middle ureter (2) and lower ureter (23). RESULTS: The uric acid calculi were dissolved with intravenous and oral combination chemolysis. The double-J catheter was useful in the cases with urinary tract obstruction, fever or urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS: Medical treatment is useful in the management of uric acid calculi. The double-J catheter is beneficial in patients with urinary tract obstruction.

[Treatment of genital herpes with alfa-2b interferon]. / Tratamiento del herpes genital con interferón alfa-2b.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the alfa-2b Interferon in the treatment of genital herpes. METHODS: 75 patients were treated with alfa-2b Interferon, 41 males (4 homosexuals) and 34 females, age range between 18 and 44 years. The symptom and recurrences were evaluated. The Interferon was administered at 10 million/week intradermic during 4 to 12 weeks. RESULTS: The Interferon causes improvement in the symptoms and the recurrences were presented in 17 cases (22.6%). The mean in recurrences was 1.4 episodes per year. CONCLUSIONS: The alpha-2b Interferon lowers the symptoms, the recurrences in time and number. Allows pregnant women that have been treated to have a normal delivery.

Tratamiento del herpes genital con interferón alfa-2b / Genital herpes treatment with alfa-2b interferon

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del Interferón alfa-2b, en el tratamiento del herpes genital. PACIENTES: 75 pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento con Interferón alfa-2b, 41 hombres (4 homosexuales) y 34 mujeres. El rango de edad osciló entre 18-44 años. Se evaluó la clínica y las recurrencias. La dosis de Interferón que se utilizó fue de 10 millones/semana intradérmico por 4 a 12 semanas. RESULTADOS: El Interferón causó un efecto de mejoría en los síntomas y las recurrencias se presentaron en 17 casos (22,6 por ciento). El promedio de recurrencias fue de 1,4 episodios por año. CONCLUSIONES: El Interferón alfa-2b, disminuye los síntomas, las recurrencias en tiempo y número. Permite en las mujeres embarazadas ya tratadas la posibilidad de parto normal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del Interferón alfa-2b, en el tratamiento del herpes genital. PACIENTES: 75 pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento con Interferón alfa-2b, 41 hombres (4 homosexuales) y 34 mujeres. El rango de edad osciló entre 18-44 años. Se evaluó la clínica y las recurrencias. La dosis de Interferón que se utilizó fue de 10 millones/semana intradérmico por 4 a 12 semanas. RESULTADOS: El Interferón causó un efecto de mejoría en los síntomas y las recurrencias se presentaron en 17 casos (22,6 por ciento). El promedio de recurrencias fue de 1,4 episodios por año. CONCLUSIONES: El Interferón alfa-2b, disminuye los síntomas, las recurrencias en tiempo y número. Permite en las mujeres embarazadas ya tratadas la posibilidad de parto normal (AU)

Luxación testicular. A propósito de un caso / Testicular luxation. A case report

Reportamos un caso de luxación del testículo en un hombre de 38 años. El testículo izquierdo, localizado en la región inguinal, se le redujo de manera cerrada inmediatamente, y se le practicó posterior orquidopexia (AU)

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[Testicular luxation. Report of a case]. / Luxación testicular. A propósito de un caso.

We report a case of luxation of the testis in a 38-year-old male. The left testis, located at the inguinal region, was immediate closed reduction and after surgical orchidopexy.

[The usefulness of perineal ultrasound in urinary incontinence in women]. / Utilidad del ultrasonido perineal en la incontinencia de orina en la mujer.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utility of perineal ultrasound in the evaluation of female urinary incontinence. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 50 women with urinary incontinence. The distance between the bladder neck and symphysis pubis with and without stress was measured by perineal ultrasound. A displacement of the bladder greater than 10 mm was considered cystocele, and if the bladder neck and urethra formed a funnel greater than 13 mm, it was considered urinary incontinence. RESULTS: The distance between the bladder neck and the symphysis pubis in all 50 patients ranged from 10 mm to 18 mm (mean 12.8 mm) without stress and from 15 mm to 42 mm (mean 32.6 mm) with stress (Valsalva maneuver and/or cough). Perineal ultrasound was useful in all cases since one could evaluate the descent of the angle of the bladder neck in the case of cystocele and a lesser or greater funneling of the urethra, which is an essential sign in urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Perineal ultrasound can determine which patient has a cystocele, urinary incontinence or both. It is useful in the evaluation and follow-up of patients undergoing surgery for urinary incontinence.

[The assessment of varicocele by ultrasound]. / Evaluación del varicocele por ultrasonido.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the utility that has the scrotal ultrasound in the patient with varicocele. METHODS: 34 patients with varicocele, 28 unilateral, y 6 bilateral, 9 right and 31 left, was evaluated by means of scrotal ultrasound in high-resolution real-time united, we utilized an ATL with transducers 7-12 Mhz. The age oscillates between 13-36 years. Five patient adolescent went for pain, 23 infertile patients, and 6 adults for pain/or discomfort scrotal. RESULTS: For ultrasound we observed 10/40 testicular atrophy, the texture was homogeneous 35/40. Five testicles had decrease of the echogenicity. The ultrasound confirms varicocele in the clinical cases 31/31, we detect 3/9 subclinical. The images that were gotten being the of a group of 2 or 3 tubular structures, or liquid cords dilated of a diameter between 1.5 and 2 mm in the subclinical, and superior to 2 mm in the clinical, or one greater of 3 mm, located in the cord or in the groin canal, up and behind of the head of the epididymis, in the voluminous cases could be observed behind and below the testicle. CONCLUSIONS: The scrotal ultrasound is an adequate method, rapid, easy not obnoxious, useful in the evaluation preoperative and postoperative of the varicocele.

[Percutaneous extraction of renal lithiasis without radiological assistance]. / Extracción percutánea de la litiasis renal sin asistencia radiológica.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the utility of posterior lumbotomy with a 3-4 cm incision through which the finger is inserted to palpate the kidney and perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy when radiological guidance is not available. METHODS: 24 selected patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Stone size ranged from 1-4 cm. The calculi were located in the renal pelvis (17 cases), lower calyx (6 cases), inferior pyelocalyceal level (2 cases) inferior and mid-calyceal level (1 case). RESULTS: Calculi less than 1.5 cm were completely removed and ultrasonic lithotripsy and stone extraction with forceps were effective in the remaining cases. Twenty-four kidneys required a single stage procedure. Complications were observed in 12.5% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior lumbotomy with a 3-4 cm incision to palpate the kidney and perform percutaneous nephrolithotomy, is useful when radiological guidance is not available.

[Medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The efficacy of finasteride depends on prostatic volume]. / Tratamiento médico de la hiperplasia prostática benigna. La eficacia del finasteride depende del volumen prostático.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the efficacy of finasteride in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) depends on the prostate volume. METHODS: 75 patients with BPH were classified according to the prostate volume: 20-40 Gm (group I), 40-80 Gm (group II) and more than 80 Gm (group III). The average duration of treatment for all three groups was 16.2 months. Patients were evaluated for symptom score (I-PSS), quality of life, prostate volume by ultrasound, maximum urinary flow rate, residual urine, plasma PSA and testosterone levels. RESULTS: Ultrasound demonstrated a reduction in prostatic volume of 6.8-14.8 Gm. Symptom score was reduced by 9.2-15.5 points and quality of life 2-2.7 points. Maximum urinary flow rate increased 3.4-4.4 ml/sec and residual urine decreased in all three groups. Testosterone values showed no significant changes. PSA values showed a reduction of 1.3-1.7 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of finasteride depends on the prostatic volume. Medical treatment is a temporary alternative to surgery due to its cost and because patients are unaccustomed to having to take a tablet daily.

[The use of desmopressin as an alternative in the treatment of nycturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)]. / Uso de la desmopresina como alternativa en el tratamiento de la nicturia en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB).

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the effects of a synthetic analog of vasopressin (Desmopressin) in the nycturia. METHODS: 20 patients with BPH, with a mean age of 68 years that they referred marked nycturia of 4 to 10 voiding episodes in the night, they were subject treatment with Desmopressin 20 mcg given intranasally before bedtime. RESULTS: The nycturia diminishes in the patient, the volume of evacuated urine diminishes but in the night that in the day. They were not observed side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The desmopressin is an alternative but in the aid to the patient with BPH that they presented a marked nycturia.