ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In Spain, half of new HIV diagnoses are late and a significant proportion of people living with HIV have not yet been diagnosed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an automated opportunistic HIV screening strategy in the hospital setting. METHODS: Between April 2022 and September 2023, HIV testing was performed on all patients in whom a hospital admission analytical profile, a pre-surgical profile and several pre-designed serological profiles (fever of unknown origin, pneumonia, mononucleosis, hepatitis, infection of sexual transmission, rash, endocarditis and myopericarditis) was requested. A circuit was started to refer patients the specialists. RESULTS: 6407 HIV tests included in the profiles were performed and 18 (0.3%) new cases were diagnosed (26.4% of diagnoses in the health area). Five patients were diagnosed by hospital admission and pre-surgery profile and 13 by a serological profile requested for indicator entities (fever of unknown origin, sexually transmitted infection, mononucleosis) or possibly associated (pneumonia) with HIV occult infection. Recent infection was documented in 5 (27.8%) patients and late diagnosis in 9 (50.0%), of whom 5 (55.5%) had previously missed the opportunity to be diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: This opportunistic screening was profitable since the positive rate of 0.3% is cost-effective and allowed a quarter of new diagnoses to be made, so it seems a good strategy that contributes to reducing hidden infection and late diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer los patrones de transmisión de la infección aguda por el virus de la hepatitisC (VHC) en un momento en que estamos próximos a su eliminación.Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico-epidemiológico descriptivo prospectivo de los casos de infección aguda por VHC diagnosticados entre los años 2016 y 2020 en un hospital de referencia de la isla de Gran Canaria.Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 22 casos de infección aguda (10 primarios y 12 reinfecciones), observándose un incremento de incidencia de 0,6 en 2016 a 2,3 casos/100.000 habitantes en el año 2020. La mediana de edad fue de 46años. El 77,3% eran hombres y el 68,2% eran VIH-positivos. El 54,5% mantenían relaciones sexuales de riesgo; el 83,3% eran hombres que mantenían sexo con hombres (el 70% con otra infección de transmisión sexual concomitante); el 31,8% eran consumidores de drogas, el 9,1% tenían trastornos neuropsiquiátricos y una mujer (4,5%) tuvo una intervención quirúrgica previa. El 40,9% de pacientes presentaron síntomas, y de los 13 asintomáticos, el 84,6% eran VIH-positivos.Conclusiones: Observamos un aumento de incidencia en los últimos años del estudio, y la principal vía de contagio fue tener relaciones sexuales de riesgo, principalmente en hombres que mantienen sexo con hombres y que son VIH-positivo. Los casos en personas no-VIH con relaciones sexuales no protegidas están, probablemente, infradiagnosticados. Las estrategias de microeliminación podrían ser insuficientes para diagnosticar estos casos, por lo que para conseguir la eliminación del VHC la mejor estrategia podría ser el cribado poblacional.(AU)
Objective: To know the transmission patterns of the acute infection by the hepatitisC virus at a time when we are close to its elimination.Patients and methods: A prospective descriptive clinical-epidemiological study of cases of acute HCV infection diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 was carried out in a reference hospital in the island of Gran Canaria.Results: Twenty-two cases of acute HCV were diagnosed (10 primary infections and 12 reinfections). There was an increase in the incidence from 0.6 in 2016 and 2017 to 2.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020. The median age was 46years. From these, 77.3% were men and 68.2% were HIV-positive. According to the risk factors, 54.5% had high-risk sexual practices, 83.3% were men who had sex with men (70% with a concomitant STI), 31.8% were drug users, 9.1% were women with neuropsychiatric disorders, and one woman (4.5%) had a previous surgical intervention. There were thirteen patients (40.9%) who presented symptoms and eleven out of the thirteen patients who were asymptomatic were HIV-positive.Conclusions: An increase in incidence was observed in the last years of the study and the main route of infection was high-risk sexual practice, mainly in men who have sex with men and who are HIV positive. Cases related to unsafe sex in other non-HIV groups are probably under-diagnosed. Microelimination strategies may not be sufficient to diagnose these cases, so in order to achieve elimination of the HCV the best strategy would be a population-based screening.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepacivirus , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Acute Disease , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology , Gastroenterology , Liver Diseases , Prospective Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To know the transmission patterns of the acute infection by the hepatitisC virus at a time when we are close to its elimination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective descriptive clinical-epidemiological study of cases of acute HCV infection diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 was carried out in a reference hospital in the island of Gran Canaria. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases of acute HCV were diagnosed (10 primary infections and 12 reinfections). There was an increase in the incidence from 0.6 in 2016 and 2017 to 2.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020. The median age was 46years. From these, 77.3% were men and 68.2% were HIV-positive. According to the risk factors, 54.5% had high-risk sexual practices, 83.3% were men who had sex with men (70% with a concomitant STI), 31.8% were drug users, 9.1% were women with neuropsychiatric disorders, and one woman (4.5%) had a previous surgical intervention. There were thirteen patients (40.9%) who presented symptoms and eleven out of the thirteen patients who were asymptomatic were HIV-positive. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in incidence was observed in the last years of the study and the main route of infection was high-risk sexual practice, mainly in men who have sex with men and who are HIV positive. Cases related to unsafe sex in other non-HIV groups are probably under-diagnosed. Microelimination strategies may not be sufficient to diagnose these cases, so in order to achieve elimination of the HCV the best strategy would be a population-based screening.
