ABSTRACT
B7-1 transgene expression on the pancreatic islets in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice leads to accelerated diabetes, with >50% of animals developing diabetes before 12 wk of age. The expression of B7-1 directly on the pancreatic beta cells, which do not normally express costimulator molecules, converts the cells into effective antigen-presenting cells leading to an intensified autoimmune attack. The pancreatic islet infiltrate in diabetic mice consists of CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, and B cells, similar to diabetic nontransgenic NOD mice. To elucidate the relative importance of each of the subsets of cells, the NOD-rat insulin promoter (RIP)-B7-1 animals were crossed with NOD.beta2microglobulin -/- mice which lack major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and are deficient in peripheral CD8 T cells, NOD.CD4 -/- mice which lack T cells expressing CD4, and NOD.muMT -/- mice which lack B220-positive B cells. These experiments showed that both CD4 and CD8 T cells were necessary for the accelerated onset of diabetes, but that B cells, which are needed for diabetes to occur in normal NOD mice, are not required. It is possible that B lymphocytes play an important role in the provision of costimulation in NOD mice which is unnecessary in the NOD-RIP-B7-1 transgenic mice.
Subject(s)
B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Islets of Langerhans/immunology , Lymphocyte Subsets , Adoptive Transfer , Age of Onset , Animals , Antigen Presentation , B7-1 Antigen/genetics , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I , Incidence , Insulin/genetics , Islets of Langerhans/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred NOD , Mice, Transgenic , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Spleen/transplantationABSTRACT
Soft liners often lose their resiliency, perhaps as a result of oxidizing cleaning solutions and/or infiltration with Candida albicans. This project tested a new denture bath solution and its effects on liners treated with oxidizing solutions and with Candida inoculation. It appears that this denture bath solution has a definite softening effect on these liners.
Subject(s)
Denture Cleansers/chemistry , Denture Liners , Candida albicans/physiology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Hardness , Materials Testing , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Refitting clip-retained complete dentures for patients with osseointegrated implants as abutments presents problems in maintaining occlusion and protecting the clip during processing. This article describes a technique for functionally relining osseointegrated prostheses containing anterior clip-bar attachments.
Subject(s)
Dental Implantation, Endosseous , Dental Implants , Denture Bases , Denture Precision Attachment , Denture Rebasing , Acrylic Resins , Dental Abutments , Denture Design , Methylmethacrylates , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Listener judgments of the presence and severity of hypernasality were made of speech samples from 25 hearing-impaired young adults. These judgments were compared to the results of manometric testing, cephalometric analyses of velar positioning, and analyses of nasal air emission, nasal rustle, and glottal stops. Only two examples of velopharyngeal opening were observed in the radiographic analysis. Also, those subjects judged to be hypernasal failed to exhibit behavior on the other clinical measurements, which was consistent with expectations based on observations of hypernasality in the oral-facial cleft-palate population. The results of this study illustrate the need for continued research into the anatomical and physiological attributes of the perceived hypernasality in the hearing impaired. Also, the remedial consequences of these findings are discussed.
