Childhood maltreatment history and trauma-specific predictors of parenting stress in new fathers.

For new fathers, parenting stress is a risk factor for impaired early parenting and child maltreatment perpetration. Predictors of parenting stress, including fathers' own experiences of trauma, could be useful intervention targets to support new fathers. We aim to examine associations between new fathers' own histories of child maltreatment, and their perinatal mental health, relationships, and parenting stress. We recruited 298 first-time fathers for a survey that measured child maltreatment history, trauma sequelae including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), interpersonal reactivity, substance use, anger expression, coparenting quality, and parenting stress. On the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (from 36 to 180), bivariate analysis demonstrated that new fathers who experienced child maltreatment (n = 94) had significantly higher parenting stress (x̅ = 85.3, σ = 18.7) than those who did not (n = 204; x̅ = 76.0, σ = 16.6; P < .000). Hierarchical linear regression modeling indicated that a child maltreatment history, PTSD, and MDD were significantly associated with parenting stress. The strongest predictors of parenting stress were coparenting quality and complex trauma sequelae-interpersonal reactivity and anger expression. Interventions to reduce fathers' parenting stress by targeting known mental health and relationship sequelae of maltreatment are promising avenues to breaking intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment and psychiatric vulnerability.

Para nuevos papás, el estrés de crianza es un factor de riesgo para la deficiente crianza temprana y para cometer maltrato infantil. Los factores de predicción del estrés de crianza, incluyendo las propias experiencias de trauma de los papás, pueden ser útiles metas de intervención para apoyar a los nuevos papás. Nos propusimos examinar las asociaciones entre las propias historias de maltrato de los nuevos papás, y su salud mental perinatal, relaciones y estrés de crianza. Reclutamos 298 papás primerizos para una encuesta que medía la historia de maltrato infantil, la secuela de trauma incluyendo el trastorno de estrés postraumático (PTSD), el trastorno depresivo serio (MDD), la reactividad interpersonal, el uso de sustancias, la expresión de ira, la calidad de la crianza compartida, así como el estrés de crianza. En el Índice de Estrés de Crianza (de 36-180), los análisis bivariantes demostraron que los nuevos papás que habían experimentado maltrato infantil (N = 94) tenían significativamente un mayor estrés de crianza (x̅ = 85.3, σ = 18.7) que aquellos que no habían tenido tal experiencia (N = 204; x̅ = 76.0, σ = 16.6; P<.000). El modelo de regresión lineal jerárquica indicó que una historia de maltrato infantil, PTSD y MDD estaban significativamente asociados con el estrés de crianza. Los más fuertes factores de predicción del estrés de crianza fueron la calidad de la crianza compartida y la compleja secuela de trauma-la reactividad interpersonal y la expresión de la ira. Las intervenciones para reducir el estrés de crianza de los papás por medio del enfoque en la salud mental conocida y las secuelas en la relación del maltrato son una vía prometedora para romper la transmisión intergeneracional del maltrato infantil y la vulnerabilidad siquiátrica.

Pour les nouveaux pères le stress de parentage est un facteur de risque pour le parentage précoce compromis et la perpétration de maltraitance de l'enfant. Les prédicteurs de stress de parentage, y compris les propres expériences de trauma des pères, pourraient être des cicles d'intervention utiles afin de soutenir les nouveaux pères. Nous nous sommes donné pour but d'examiner les liens entre le propre passé de maltraitance de l'enfant des nouveaux pères et leur santé mentale périnatale, leurs relations et le stress de parentage. Nous avons recruté 298 nouveaux pères (pères pour la première fois) pour un sondage mesurant l'histoire de la maltraitance de l'enfant, les séquelles de trauma y compris les troubles de stress post-traumatique (TSPT), les troubles dépressifs majeurs (MDD en anglais), la réactivité interpersonnelle, la toxicomanie, l'expression de colère et la qualité du co-parentage ainsi que le stress parental. Pour l'Index de Stress de Parentage (de 36-180), une analyse bivariée a montré que les nouveaux pères qui avaient fait l'expérience de maltraitance de l'enfance (N = 94) avaient un stress de parentage bien plus élevé (x̅ = 85,3, σ = 18,7) que ceux n'en ayant pas fait l'expérience (N = 204; x̅ = 76,0, σ = 16,6; P<,000). Un modèle de régression linéaire hiérarchique a indiqué qu'un passé de maltraitance de l'enfant, le TSPT et le MDD étaient fortement liés au stress de parentage. Les facteurs de prédiction les plus forts de stress de parentage étaient la qualité du co-parentage et les séquelles de trauma complexes - réactivité interpersonnelle et l'expression de la colère. Les interventions pour réduire le stress de parentage des pères en ciblant la santé mentale connue et les séquelles de maltraitance sont un chemin prometteur pour casser la transmission intergénérationnelle de la maltraitance de l'enfant et la vulnérabilité psychiatrique.

Intervention needs among hotel employees and managers.

BACKGROUND: Hotel room cleaners are disproportionately exposed to hazards that increase risk for poor health outcomes. Interventions are needed to improve the health of these workers. Yet we know little about the expressed needs of hotel room cleaners nor do we know about managers' perspectives on how to best optimize employee health. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop an understanding of perceived intervention needs among hotel room cleaners and to assess managers' views on the acceptability of the proposed interventions. METHODS: We used a community-based approach to recruit study participants. We conducted five focus groups among hotel room cleaners and individual interviews with hotel managers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The workers expressed needs centered on pay, workload, appreciation, ergonomics, chemical and biological hazards, nutrition, smoking cessation, exercise, mental health and stress management. In addition to echoing the workers' expressed needs, managers emphasized employee retention and financial literacy. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first paper to include both workers' and managers' accounts on intervention approaches that will optimize health and wellbeing. This paper offers a guide for future program development among hospitality workers. Effective interventions need to be integrated, encompassing the individual, intrapersonal, organizational, and policy levels.

Strategies to promote and sustain baccalaureate students' interest in pursuing a PhD degree in nursing.

PhD-prepared nurses are integral to the delivery of cost-effective, safe, and high-quality care to the increasingly diverse population in the U.S. Nurses with a PhD are needed to develop knowledge that informs and directs nursing care, promote positive health outcomes, and train the next generation of nurses and nurse scientists. Unfortunately, less than 1% of nurses have their PhD in nursing and there is an ongoing shortage of nurses in the U.S. that has not been effectively addressed. The PhD in nursing pipeline needs to be bolstered to address the escalating nursing shortage. This is especially important considering the importance of having an adequate number of well-prepared nurses to address the increasing complexities of health conditions and patient populations in the U.S. This paper presents strategies to promote and sustain interest in PhD in nursing among baccalaureate nursing students and discusses the importance of meaningful engagement in research and engaged faculty mentorship. It is important to incorporate research into undergraduate experiences, promote engaged mentorship during undergraduate level and beyond, and provide a conducive environment for undergraduate students to address their fears, misconceptions, and myths about PhD in nursing.

Barriers for BSN students to pursue a PhD in nursing and recommendations to address them: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Increasing the BSN-PhD pipeline could address the shortage of nursing faculty to conduct research, develop nursing science, and train new nurses and faculty. PURPOSE: To identify barriers to BSN students' pursuit of PhD education, and to compile recommendations to increase their numbers. METHODS: This scoping review follows PRISMA guidelines, including articles in English that discussed barriers to BSN students' pursuit of PhD education and recommendations to address them. FINDINGS: Barriers to pursuing a PhD include misunderstanding PhD education and its impact on population-level health, insufficient funding for PhD studies, and perceived need for clinical experience. BSN program recommendations include education on doctoral and postdoctoral options, mentorship, and hands-on research experiences. PhD programs should be accessible, fully funded, and address students' perceived need for clinical experience. DISCUSSION: The nursing profession must take coordinated action across individual, interpersonal, program, policy, and cultural levels to increase the pipeline of well-prepared BSN-PhD students.

Using Theories of Posttraumatic Stress to Inform Perinatal Care Clinician Responses to Trauma Reactions.

Understanding of the importance of addressing trauma in health care is increasing rapidly. Health care providers may be actively seeking ways to address trauma sequelae affecting their patients with a trauma-informed continuum of care. Such a continuum includes a universal approach, targeted interventions (ie, practices and programs), and specialist treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as responses to historic and intergenerational trauma. Client presentations and their needs are highly individualized. Therefore, an understanding of prominent theories of what causes PTSD may assist perinatal care professionals in adapting their practice to be trauma-informed and trauma-specific. The purpose of this article is to review 4 theories of PTSD relevant to perinatal practice and present an evidence-based practice framework that encourages collaborative choices consistent with client values and preferences. A brief summary of current evidence-based PTSD treatment guidelines is presented.

Development and preliminary testing of the collaboration for leadership and innovation in mentoring survey: An instrument of nursing PhD mentorship quality.

BACKGROUND: High-quality PhD nursing student mentorship facilitates student and program success. Extant literature recommends evaluating and improving mentorship to foster optimal PhD student development. However, a comprehensive measure capturing all aspects of mentorship salient to PhD nursing student wellbeing and success is not available. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a new instrument - the Collaboration for Leadership and Innovation in Mentoring (CLIM) - for quantifying important components of PhD student mentorship in nursing, and to preliminarily test its psychometric properties (content validity, sensitivity, test-retest reliability). DESIGN: The study employed a cross-sectional design. SETTING: The CLIM instrument was administered to nursing PhD students at a public state university in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen nursing PhD students at various stages in their degree progression completed the instrument. METHODS: PhD nursing students developed unique items based on qualitative data collected by the University using an Appreciative Inquiry framework. Seven nursing and non-nursing experts with experience in PhD mentorship evaluated content validity. After revisions, the final 44-item instrument was administered at two time points (one month apart) to allow assessment of test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Spearman-rank correlations and data from students with ≥1 year of experience with their mentor. RESULTS: Response rates were 94% for both administrations (n = 16). The instrument's overall Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.91 (p = 0.05). Test-retest analyses resulted in high correlations (r = 0.91, p < 0.001), further supporting reliability of the CLIM instrument. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that the CLIM instrument is a reliable instrument of PhD mentorship in nursing. However, additional testing in larger and more diverse graduate student populations is needed to evaluate internal consistency reliability, among other psychometric properties.