ABSTRACT
Polypropylene mesh materials have been utilized in hernia surgery for over 40 years. However, they are prone to degradation due to the body's aggressive foreign body reaction, which may cause pain or complications, forcing mesh removal from the patient. To mitigate these complications, gold nanomaterials were attached to polypropylene mesh in order to improve cellular response. Pristine samples of polypropylene mesh were exposed to hydrogen peroxide/cobalt chloride solutions to induce formation of surface carboxyl functional groups. Gold nanoparticles were covalently linked to the mesh. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical testing confirmed that the polypropylene did not undergo any significantly detrimental changes in physicochemical properties. A WST-1 cell culture study showed an increase in cellularity on the gold nanoparticle-polypropylene mesh as compared to pristine mesh. This study showed that biocompatibility of polypropylene mesh may be improved via the conjugation of gold nanoparticles.
Subject(s)
Alkenes/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Gold/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Polypropylenes/chemistry , Surgical Mesh , Amines/chemistry , Animals , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Cell Line , Cobalt/chemistry , Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry , Foreign-Body Reaction , Hernia/therapy , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Materials Testing , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nanotechnology , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Stress, Mechanical , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
We reviewed 104 consecutive cases of closed dysraphism in patients seen at one institution between December 1984 and June 1987. All patients had myelographic studies, and 43 had associated CT examinations. Clinical and surgical findings (64 patients) were correlated with myelographic information. Twenty-three patients (22%) with clinical or plain film findings compatible with dysraphism had normal-appearing cords on conventional myelography, movement between supine and prone positions, and no lesions in the spinal canal. Cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (majority of tonsils between foramen magnum and C1) was found in 17 patients (16%). Six patients (6%) exhibited varying degrees of hydromyelia. In the supine position, CT-myelography of meningoceles, meningomyeloceles, or lipomeningomyeloceles may limit demonstration of the neural placode and nerve roots because of compression of the CSF-containing sac. In the decubitus position, CT scans improved demonstration of neural tissue-CSF space relationships. CT scans were useful in demonstrating anomalous paraspinal bones, diastematomyelia spurs, and spinal and sacral bone deficiency. Axial CT-myelography of intradural lipomas showed apparent neural tissue extension into the lipomas.
Subject(s)
Lipoma/diagnostic imaging , Spina Bifida Occulta/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Dysraphism/diagnostic imaging , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Myelography , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Anemia, Hypochromic/etiology , Astrocytoma/complications , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
One hundred infants with intracranial tumors symptomatic during the 1st year of life were studied. They differed from older children in having a higher percentage of supratentorial tumors and in the fact that 90% of the tumors were of neuroectodermal origin. Vomiting, alteration of psychomotor development, and macrocrania were the most common presenting features. The "diencephalic syndrome" was seen in 5 infants, and subarachnoid hemorrhage due to tumor was diagnosed in 4. Computed tomography as the primary investigation is increasing the number of neoplasms diagnosed in this age group, although review of the skull roentgenograms in the series disclosed an abnormality in 92%. Eighty of the tumors were verified, 68 by a cranial operation and the rest at autopsy. Of the verified neoplasms, 20% were medulloblastomas, 12.5% were choroid plexus papillomas, and 10% were cerebellar astrocytomas. The cumulative average survival was 27 months but, for those who underwent a tumor operation, the average survival was 37 months. The operative mortality was 30%. Thirty-nine patients were irradiated, and this subset had a 5-year survival rate of 43%. The morbidity was high irrespective of radiotherapy; 60% of those who survived 1 year were moderately or severely disabled. Those infants receiving more than 5000 rads of whole brain radiation tended to have greater deficits in the long term. When analyzed separately, patients treated after 1970 had greatly improved mortality and morbidity rates.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Age Factors , Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Astrocytoma/therapy , Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/diagnosis , Choroid Plexus , Ependymoma/diagnosis , Ependymoma/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Medulloblastoma/diagnosis , Medulloblastoma/therapy , Papilloma/diagnosis , Papilloma/therapy , Pineal Gland , Pons , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Melanoma/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Aged , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and intraventricular pneumocephalus occurred in an adolescent with aqueduct stenosis whose ventriculoperitoneal shunt occluded repeatedly due to a faulty on-off control. The possible mechanisms are discussed, the urgency of treatment is stressed, and the risk of pneumocephalus when a shunt is used to treat cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is pointed out.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/etiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/adverse effects , Pneumocephalus/etiology , Adolescent , Brain Diseases/complications , Cerebral Aqueduct , Cerebral Ventricles , Constriction, Pathologic , Equipment Failure , Humans , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Hydrocephalus/surgery , MaleABSTRACT
Choroid plexus papillomas are only infrequently located in the third ventricle. Two infants with such lesions are presented and the diagnosis by computed tomography described. The transcallosal approach to the third ventricle was employed in both cases and led to successful excision. This approach is recommended for lesions in the anterior third ventricle in children, and the occurrence of subdural effusions as a complication is pointed out.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/surgery , Choroid Plexus/surgery , Papilloma/surgery , Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology , Choroid Plexus/pathology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Papilloma/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The authors review 60 children who presented with craniopharyngiomas. Patients were treated by either 1) cyst aspiration followed by deep x-ray therapy (DXT), 2) radical excision, 3) incomplete tumor excision, or 4) incomplete excision followed by DTX. Symptomatic clinical recurrence signified failure of treatment. Of the patients treated by cyst aspiration and DXT, 50% experienced recurrence (mean time after treatment, 4.4 years), while recurrences occurred in 23% undergoing radical excision (mean time, 2.4 years). Symptomatic recurrences occurred in 78% treated by incomplete removal only (mean time, 2.2 years). No recurrences have occurred in seven patients whose incomplete removal was followed by DTX. The authors conclude that radical excision is most likely to produce survival free of recurrence. When radical excision is not possible, DXT appears to provide an additional effect on preventing tumor regrowth. Characteristics of craniopharyngiomas favoring radical excision are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Craniopharyngioma/therapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Craniopharyngioma/radiotherapy , Craniopharyngioma/surgery , Drainage , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Pituitary Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Radiotherapy DosageABSTRACT
Computerised axial tomography (CAT) has profoundly altered the management of most children with posterior fossa tumours. Fifty such children were operated on from October 1973 to December 1975, 20 of whom were explored after investigation by CAT only. Most recent experience suggests that CAT need by the only investigation in the majority of children suspected of having an expanding lesion in the posterior fossa.
