[Management and results of the clinical-anatomical sector in Saint-Petersburg]. / Ob organizatsii i rezul'taty kliniko-anatomicheskoi raboty v Sankt-Peterburge.

A standard of diagnostics, namely, of divergence or coincidence (in %) between the clinical and the postmortem diagnoses as well as a category of such divergence (diagnostic error) is of primary importance within the system of final criteria-based evaluations of the medical care. City Morbid Anatomy Bureau (CMAB) was set up, 1989, in Saint Petersburg in order to coordinate the clinical and pathologoanatomic functions as well as to shape the unified approaches and to ensure equal opportunities of obtaining the unified information from all city patient-care facilities. A unified and formalized card, i.e. "card of the diseased", is filled in for all dead who were examined by the pathologist. The data, when processed by a special program, can be used to derive statistics on the mortality structure (in hospitals, at home, and in separate patient-care facilities), on complications (immediate death causes), as well as on a presence and nature of diagnostic errors (in different patient-care facilities, in cases of various nosological forms, and for certain age-and-sex categories etc.). This, in its turn, can be used to draw the annual reports for the city and, if necessary (e.g. upon a request from a medical institution), to compose the analytic reports. Finally, the paper contains the nosological structure of those who died in and outside the urban hospitals; there is also a dynamic analysis of the nature and reasons of diagnostic errors.

[Structure and organization of the activities of the pathology services for adults in St. Petersburg]. / Struktura i organizatsiia raboty patologo-anatomicheskoi sluzhby Sankt-Peterburga (vzroslaia set').

Principles of organization of St. Petersburg pathology service are outlined. The service covers the Consultative and Methodological Council, the Department of Management and 53 departments including 12 departments attached to the city pathology bureau. The main problems of the service concern inadequate financing and material-technical support, lack of specialists in conditions of increasing amount of work (25,870 autopsies, about a million of intraoperative biopsy examinations, 72,000 cytological examinations performed in 2001).

[Neurophysiologic and histopathologic correlates of the effect of deferoxamine on the formation of an epileptic focus during blood injection into the rat cerebral cortex]. / Neirofiziologicheskie i gistopatologischeskie korreliaty deistviia deferoksamina na formirovanie épilepticheskogo ochaga u krys pri in"ektsii krovi v koru golovnogo mozga.

Blood, 5 microliters, was injected into the brain cortex of 80 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) control and (2) experimental. The second group was used to investigate the effects of deferoxamine on the development of epileptic activity and histopathological changes. The drug was injected intramuscularly in a daily dose of 80 mg/kg during 30 days after subdural blood injection. Epileptic activity appeared on day 2 after operation. The number of epileptic discharges was increased and reached the maximum values on days 3-10. Significant changes were not observed in the following period. In the experimental animals, the frequency of epileptic discharges on day 2 was comparable with those seen in the control group. A significant decrease in epileptic discharges occurred on day 4 following the surgery. Spike-waves disappeared on day 10 of the drug injection and only single spikes were registered on day 30. The histopathological analysis revealed a massive accumulation of pigments in the necrotic zone in the animals on day 5 after operation in both groups. The above changes were shown to retain in control animals on day 30. A negative response to the pigments was obtained only after 60 days. In contrast, responses to the pigment appeared to be negative on day 15 after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Age-related dynamics of energy metabolism enzymes of neurons and microvessels of the brain in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. / Vozrastnaia dinamika fermentov énergeticheskogo metabolizma neironov i mikrososudov golovnogo mozga spontanno gipertenzivnykh krys.

The age changes in the activity of some enzymes in neurons and in microvessels, revealed histochemically, as well as the volume of microvessels in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats differ from these changes in the controls. At the age of 3 months the activity of these enzymes and the number of active microvessels in SH rats increased. At the age of 6 months the activity of studied enzymes in SH rats decreased, while the number of active microvessels remained constant. The correlation between the morpho-functional characteristics of brain tissue in SH rats and its greater ischemic vulnerability is assumed.

[Concentration of monoamines and activity of several enzymes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in young and aging rats during the estrous cycle]. / Soderzhanie monoaminov i aktivnost' nekotorykh fermentov v arkuatnom iadre gipotalamusa u u molodovykh i stareiushchikh krys na protiazhenii éstral'nogo tsikla

The arcuate nucleus (AN) and the median eminence (ME) of the hypothalamus were investigated in young and ageing female rats. During the estral cycle (EC) the monoamine (MA) content, the monoaminoxidase (MAO), NADP and NAD-diaphorase activities were determined in the AN, and the MA content and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) -- in the ME. In young rats in the proestrus-estrus there was an increase in the activity of the NADP and NAD-diaphorase and of the MA content, but a decrease of the MAO activity. This indicated an intensified function of the nucleus at these stages of the EC. Accumulation of the MA in the ME was noted in the diestrus, while in the proestrus their concentration sharply fell; on the other hand, the activity of the AP was considerably increased. In the ageing rats the dynamics of the indices under study during the EC were largely unchanged. However, the functional activity of the AN proved to increase, and in the ME and elevation of the MA concentration and disturbance of its release from the nerve terminals was seen.