ABSTRACT
La histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada, conjuntamente con el xantogranuloma juvenil, constituyen desórdenes histiocíticos de origen dendrítico (también denominados histiocitosis no Langerhans), que comparten características clínico-patológicas e inmunohistoquímicas. Presentamos a una paciente de 3 años de edad con lesiones en la piel clínicamente compatibles con histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada y confirmadas mediante histología e inmunohistoquímica. Luego presentó compromiso en el sistema nervioso central, por lo que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente. En la histopatología de esta lesión, se encontraron células de Touton, compatibles con el diagnóstico de xantogranuloma juvenil. Este caso clínico demuestra la necesidad de considerar estas enfermedades como espectro de una misma entidad.
Both, generalized eruptive histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma are dendritic histiocytic disorders (also known as non-Langerhans cells histiocytosis) that share clinicopathological and immunohistiochemical characteristics. We present a 3-year-old female patient with skin lesions that were clinically compatible with generalized eruptive histiocytosis, confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. During her development the disorder compromised the central nervous system, and surgical intervention of one symptomatic lesion was needed. The histopathological exam of the central nervous system lesion showed Touton cells, compatible with a diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. This case demonstrates the need to consider these diseases as a spectrum of the same entity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Histiocytosis/pathology , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/pathology , Histiocytosis/complications , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/complicationsABSTRACT
Both, generalized eruptive histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma are dendritic histiocytic disorders (also known as non-Langerhans cells histiocytosis) that share clinicopathological and immunohistiochemical characteristics. We present a 3-year-old female patient with skin lesions that were clinically compatible with generalized eruptive histiocytosis, confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. During her development the disorder compromised the central nervous system, and surgical intervention of one symptomatic lesion was needed. The histopathological exam of the central nervous system lesion showed Touton cells, compatible with a diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. This case demonstrates the need to consider these diseases as a spectrum of the same entity.
La histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada, conjuntamente con el xantogranuloma juvenil, constituyen desórdenes histiocíticos de origen dendrítico (también denominados histiocitosis no Langerhans), que comparten características clínico-patológicas e inmunohistoquímicas. Presentamos a una paciente de 3 años de edad con lesiones en la piel clínicamente compatibles con histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada y confirmadas mediante histología e inmunohistoquímica. Luego presentó compromiso en el sistema nervioso central, por lo que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente. En la histopatología de esta lesión, se encontraron células de Touton, compatibles con el diagnóstico de xantogranuloma juvenil. Este caso clínico demuestra la necesidad de considerar estas enfermedades como espectro de una misma entidad.
Subject(s)
Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/pathology , Child, Preschool , Female , Histiocytosis/complications , Histiocytosis/pathology , Humans , Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile/complicationsABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Adults born and raised at high altitudes have larger lung volumes and greater pulmonary diffusion capacity compared with adults at low altitude; however, it remains unclear whether the air and tissue volumes have comparable increases and whether there is a difference in airway size. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of chronic hypoxia on lung growth using in vivo high-resolution computed tomography measurements. METHODS: Healthy adults born and raised at moderate altitude (2,000 m above sea level; n = 19) and at low altitude (400 m above sea level; n = 23) underwent high-resolution computed tomography. Differences in total lung, air, and tissue volume, mean lung density, as well as airway lumen and wall areas in anatomically matched airways were compared between groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No significant differences for age, sex, weight, or height were found between the two groups (P > 0.05). In a multivariate regression model, altitude was a significant contributor for total lung volume (P = 0.02), air volume (P = 0.03), and tissue volume (P = 0.03), whereby the volumes were greater for the moderate- versus the low-altitude group. However, altitude was not a significant contributor for mean lung density (P = 0.35) or lumen and wall areas in anatomically matched segmental, subsegmental, and subsubsegmental airways. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the adult lung did not increase lung volume later in life by expansion of an existing number of alveoli, but rather from increased alveolarization early in life. In addition, chronic hypoxia accentuates dysanaptic lung growth by increasing the lung parenchyma but not the airways.
