Demandas laborales y conductas de afrontamiento: el rol modulador de la autoeficacia profesional / Job demands and coping behaviour: the moderating role of professional self-efficacy

La conducta de afrontamiento es considerada, en el ámbito de la investigación del estrés, como una variable moduladora entre las demandas del trabajo y sus efectos negativos o positivos (ansiedad, satisfacción, etc.). Sin embargo, desde la teoría social cognitiva, las creencias de eficacia juegan un papel modulador entre los estresores o demandas del trabajo y la conducta de afrontamiento. De manera que, en contextos de estrés, las personas con elevado nivel de autoeficacia utilizarán más conductas de afrontamiento activo centradas en la solución del problema, que las personas con niveles menores de autoeficacia. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple y sobre una muestra de 625 trabajadores españoles de diferentes ocupaciones, en este trabajo se examina el papel que la autoeficacia profesional juega en esta relación, considerando su efecto modulador entre las demandas del trabajo (sobrecarga laboral cuantitativa y conflicto de rol) y conducta de afrontamiento (activa y pasiva). También se ha estudiado el efecto de interacción entre dos demandas laborales (sobrecarga laboral cuantitativa y conflicto de rol) y la eficacia profesional, en donde se muestra que las personas con elevadas creencias de autoeficacia, ante ambas demandas laborales, muestran más conductas de afrontamiento activo o centrado en el problema que las personas con niveles menores de autoeficacia. Las conductas de afrontamiento centradas en el problema se manifiestan cuando existen altas demandas y alto nivel de autoeficacia. Los resultados son discutidos también en el marco del modelo demandas-control de Karasek, cuando el control se sustituye por la autoeficacia (AU)

Job demands and coping behaviour: the moderating role of professional self-efficacy. Coping behaviour is mainly considered in the stress research as a moderator variable between job demands and negative or positive outcomes (i.e. anxiety, satisfaction). However, from the Social Cognitive Theory, self-efficacy beliefs play a moderating role between stressors or job demands and coping behaviours.In that sense, in stressful job settings people with high self-efficacy will behave in a more proactive way using problem centred coping, that people with low self-efficacy. This study examines the moderating role of self-efficacy between job demands (i.e., quantitative overload and role conflict) and coping behaviour (i.e. information seeking, problem centred and ‘wait y see’ coping strategies). Hierarchical regression analysis in a sample of 625 Spanish workers from different occupational fields provides strong evidence for the main assumption of this study, i.e., the moderating role of self-efficacy between job demands and problem centred coping. A three-way interaction effect among overloadX role conflict X self-efficacy was found and so, people with high levels of self-efficacy when job demands are high show more problem centred coping than people with low self-efficacy. In a way, problem centred coping is more used when job demands and self-efficacy are high. In this sense, these results show empirical evidence about the active pole of the Job Demands-Control Model of Karasek, when ‘control’ is changed by ‘self-efficacy’ beliefs (AU)

Safety attitudes and their relationship to safety training and generalised self-efficacy.

This paper studies safety attitudes, their relationship with safety training behaviour, and generalised self-efficacy. From a sociotechnical perspective, training programs might be used as a mechanism for enhancing attitudes, especially to improve safety and occupational health. Also, self-efficacy allows to enhance training effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to validate a safety attitude scale and to examine its relationship to safety training behaviour and self-efficacy in organisational settings. With data from 140 employees, results show a conceptually meaningful 3-factor solution. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis shows a main effect of safety training behaviour and levels of self-efficacy on safety attitude. Study limitations and its implications on safety training design are also discussed.