ABSTRACT
The patient emerging from anesthesia has been subjected to a myriad of predisposing causes of dysrhythmias. Adequate pain control; relief of anxiety; maintenance of proper ventilation and oxygenation; prompt treatment of hypothermia; accurate assessment of vital signs, electrolytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; observation for signs of hemorrhage; and continuous cardiac monitoring should be afforded every PACU patient. When dysrhythmias occur, prompt recognition, evaluation of possible causes, and appropriate interventions should be instituted.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Recovery Room , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Electrocardiography , Humans , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/etiologyABSTRACT
Ions released from resorbable ceramics could be toxic to the animal. Experiments were designed to study the effect of implanting three different weights of porous resorbable calcium aluminate ceramics (0.172, 0.332, and 0.504 g) in rats for a total duration of 300 days. Gross and microscopic examination of heart, liver, kidneys, trachea with thyroid, and muscle adjacent to the implant did not show any pathological changes. Calcium and inorganic phosphate content of bone, serum and urine were not affected by the implants. Urine hydroxyproline excretion did not change in the animals implanted with ceramics. Animals implanted with 0.332 g of ceramics had a significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase activity than the control animals. Resorption of calcium and depositon of inorganic phosphates in the implanted ceramics suggested that ions were being exchanged with the body fluids. Implantation of 0.172 to 0.332 g porous resorbable calcium aluminate ceramic was not toxic to the animal.
Subject(s)
Calcium/metabolism , Ceramics , Phosphorus/metabolism , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Aluminum/pharmacology , Animals , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Calcium/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Femur/diagnostic imaging , Hydroxyproline/urine , Male , Prostheses and Implants , Radiography , RatsABSTRACT
Sixteen ceramic specimens were implanted in the femur of mature rhesus monkeys. The specimens consisted of four groups of a basic calcium aluminate composition with additions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5). The increasing amounts of P2O5 caused variations in the resorption rate, microstructure and surface characteristics of the implant. The influence of these variables on bone and tissue growth within and about the implant was investigated. After sacrifice the ceramic-bone specimens were studied by a tetracycline-based histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. The results indicate an increase in mesenchymal cell proliferation, fibrous and bone tissue formation at the ceramic tissue interface and within the implant with increasing concentrations of P2O5. The results obtained from the study did not furnish sufficient evidence to differentiate between the direct chemical influence the increasing P2O5 had on osseous tissue formation or the indirect influence that may have resulted from its effect on the ceramic microstructure and morphology.
