The history of sacral neuromodulation in Canada.

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been used for the past 30 years, with significant improvements in the implantation technique and technology over the last several years. Canadian centers were involved with this technique from the very beginning by participating in several multicenter clinical trials and engaging in basic and clinical research. Presently, six Canadian centers continue to have SNM implantation programs.

Best practices for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection in the spinal cord injured population: The Alberta context.

The purpose of this review of clinical guidelines and best practices literature is to suggest prevention options and a treatment approach for intermittent catheter users that will minimize urinary tract infections (UTI). Recommendations are based both on evidence in the literature and an understanding of what is currently attainable within the Alberta context. This is done through collaboration between both major tertiary care centres (Edmonton and Calgary) and between various professionals who regularly encounter these patients, including nurses, physiatrists and urologists.