ABSTRACT
RBC-transfusion dependency (RBC-TD) is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (OS) in the WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS) for MDS patients. However, WPSS did not include cytopenia, whereas revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) did not include RBC-TD. Thus, neither of these prognostic scoring systems incorporates both cytopenia and RBC-TD. We aimed to test whether RBC-TD adds prognostic value to the IPSS-R. We analyzed MDS patients not treated with disease-modifying therapy, and enrolled in SA-MDS Registry (derivation cohort; n = 295) and Dusseldorf registry (Germany; validation cohort; n = 113) using time-dependent Cox proportional regression and serial landmark analyses. In the derivation cohort, RBC-TD patients had inferior OS compared to RBC transfusion-independent (RBC-TI) patients (P < 0.0001) at 6- (18 vs. 64 months), 12- (24 vs. 71 months), and 24-months (40 vs. 87 months). In a Cox proportional regression analysis, RBC-TD was an independent adverse prognostic marker in addition to age, sex, and IPSS-R variables (P < 0.0001). A prognostic index (PI) was derived using these Cox-proportional regression model variables. In the validation cohort, this PI classified patients into four prognostic groups with significantly different OS (P < 0.001) as in the derivation cohort. In conclusion, multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression and serial landmark analyses clearly demonstrates that development of RBC-TD at any time during the course of MDS is associated with poor OS, independent of IPSS-R. This study demonstrates that dynamic assessment of RBC-TD provides additional prognostic value to IPSS-R and should be included in treatment decision algorithms for MDS patients.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Australia , Cause of Death , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease Management , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Female , Germany , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Registries , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
We present the first case of simultaneous muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myaesthenia gravis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to be reported in the English literature along with the inherent diagnostic and treatment challenges. There may be an association between myaesthenia and central nervous system demyelination. We identified 72 previously published cases of myaesthenia with central nervous system demyelination. Of 19 cases of myaesthenia with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, nine (47%) were acetylcholine receptor antibody negative, but there were no previously published cases with muscle-specific kinase antibody. Further research is required to clarify this association and optimal treatment in such cases.
Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/blood , Multiple Sclerosis/blood , Myasthenia Gravis/blood , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology , Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Myasthenia Gravis/complications , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
WT1 levels may be a useful predictor of leukemia free survival (LFS) following treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report a retrospective study in which levels of WT1 expression from patients with de novo AML were measured from bone marrow and peripheral blood at diagnosis, post-induction, post-consolidation and relapse. We demonstrate that higher levels of WT1 in peripheral blood at diagnosis are associated with poorer LFS independent of age and cytogenetic risk-group (n=85, p=0.028). When measured at post-consolidation, the presence of detectable WT1 is associated with poorer LFS in univariate analysis of both peripheral blood (p=0.024) and bone marrow (p=0.019). In a multivariate analysis including age and cytogenetic risk, the association remained significant for bone marrow (p=0.016) with a trend observed for peripheral blood (p=0.06). These findings have formed the basis for ongoing research.
