Úlcera do pé diabético: manejo clínico adjuvante / Diabetic foot ulcers: clinical adjuvant therapy

Objetivos: A úlcera do pé diabético é uma complicação comum do Diabetes Mellitus associada a altos custos e longos prazos de tratamento. Sendo assim, é fundamental conhecer terapias adjuvantes que podem melhorar os desfechos desses pacientes. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca na base MEDLINE sobre terapias clínicas adjuvantes para úlceras do pé diabético. Resultados: Após a seleção de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e excluindo artigos duplicados, cinco artigos foram selecionados. Conclusões: A terapia padrão deve continuar sendo utilizada, mas a incorporação de outras opções clínicas de manejo deve ser considerada na prática clínica.

Aims: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of Diabetes Mellitus associated with high costs and long treatments. Therefore, it is essential to know clinical adjuvant therapies that can improve the outcomes of these patients. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles on adjuvant therapies for DFU. Results: After scanning for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and excluding duplicates, five articles were selected Conclusion: Although the standard of care should still be used, the incorporation of other clinical management options must be considered in clinical practice.

Association Between Confocal Morphologic Classification and Clinical Phenotypes of Multiple Primary and Familial Melanomas.

Importance: The improved knowledge of clinical, morphologic, and epidemiologic heterogeneity of melanoma in the context of multiple primary and familial melanomas may improve prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis of melanoma. Objective: To characterize reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) morphologic patterns of melanomas in multiple primary and familial melanomas. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, patients in a hospital-based referral center were recruited from March 1, 2010, through August 31, 2013; data analysis was conducted from September 1, 2013, through May 31, 2014. Consecutive primary melanomas, documented by dermoscopic and confocal examination, from multiple primary and familial melanomas with known CDKN2A mutational status were studied. Main Outcomes and Measures: Epidemiologic, genetic, dermoscopic, and histologic data were evaluated according to an RCM morphologic classification: dendritic cell, round cell, dermal nest, combined, and nonclassifiable types. Results: Fifty-seven melanomas from 50 patients (28 women [56%] and 49 white patients [98%]) were included: 23 dendritic cell (40%), 21 round cell (37%), 2 dermal nests (4%), 2 combined (4%), and 9 nonclassifiable (16%). The median (SD) age of the participants was 53.0 (16.9) years (interquartile range, 41.8-71.2 years), and the median (SD) age at the first melanoma was 46.0 (17.1) years (interquartile range, 35.8-61.5 years). Dendritic cell melanoma was characterized by older age at diagnosis, phototypes 2 and 3, more intense solar exposure, and moderate to severe solar lentigines; it was the most prevalent confocal type in facial lesions and was associated with the lentigo maligna histologic subtype. Round cell melanomas were identified more often in the familial context and in individuals with phototype 1 skin types; RCM features, such as junctional thickening, dense dermal nests, and nucleated cells within papillary dermis, were more frequently found in this subtype. Dermal nest and combined melanoma were associated with the absence of pigmented network on dermoscopy and thicker tumors on histologic analysis. Nonclassifiable type was associated, by RCM, with the absence of pagetoid cells on confocal examination and lower frequency of marked atypia on melanocytes in the basal cell layer; it presented with lower ABCD Total Dermoscopy Scores and RCM scores compared with the other types. CDKN2A mutation carriers may develop any RCM type of melanoma. Conclusions and Relevance: Different routes to develop melanoma can be identified according to RCM morphologic classification, with dendritic cell melanomas being associated with chronic sun damage and round cell melanoma with early age at onset and phototype 1 in the context of multiple primary and familial melanomas. The morphologic expression of melanomas via dermoscopy and confocal examination varies according to differences in tumor stage and biological behavior.

Queimaduras / Burns

Nas grandes queimaduras, além da resposta local, se desencadeia um processo inflamatório sistêmico1. Neste capítulo abordaremos as lesões térmicas, focando a discussão no atendimento inicial, avaliação da extensão da lesão e possíveis eventos aos quais devemos estar atentos.

Besides the local response, large burn injuries lead to a systemic inflammatory process. In this chapter we discuss thermal injuries, focusing the discussion on the initial evaluation, assessment of the extension of the injury and possible events we must be aware.

Congenital agminated melanocytic nevus--case report.

Agminated nevus is a cluster group of melanocytic nevi confined to a localized area of the body. There are many pigmented lesions described in the literature as agminated, such as blue nevi, multiple lentigines and Spitz nevi, but only a few cases of congenital agminated melanocytic nevi have been described. We report a case of a male child who presented with congenital agminated nevi, emphasizing the importance of physical examination, dermoscopy, histopathological evaluation, differential diagnosis and follow up to rule out the possibility of dysplastic or malignant changes.

Congenital agminated melanocytic nevus - case report / Nevo melanocitico congenito agminado - relato de caso

Agminated nevus is a cluster group of melanocytic nevi confined to a localized area of the body. There are many pigmented lesions described in the literature as agminated, such as blue nevi, multiple lentigines and Spitz nevi, but only a few cases of congenital agminated melanocytic nevi have been described. We report a case of a male child who presented with congenital agminated nevi, emphasizing the importance of physical examination, dermoscopy, histopathological evaluation, differential diagnosis and follow up to rule out the possibility of dysplastic or malignant changes.

Nevo agminado é um conjunto de lesões melanocíticas confinadas a uma área do corpo. Existem muitas lesões descritas na literatura como agminada s, como nevos azuis, lentigos múltiplos, nevo de Spitz, mas existem poucos casos de nevos melanocíticos agminados congênitos descritos. Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino que se apresentou com um nevo agminado congênito, enfatizando a importância do exame físico, dermatoscopia, avaliação histológica, diagnóstico diferencial e seguimento para descartar a possibilidade de alterações displásicas ou malignas.

Melanoma cutâneo primário: confirmações e novidades / Primary cutaneous melanoma: confirmations and news

Introdução: O melanoma cutâneo é uma das principais doenças em termos de morbi-mortalidade na Dermatologia. A população do sul do Brasil possui características que a tornam mais propensas a desenvolvê-la. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a frequência e perfil dos pacientes com melanoma cutâneo primário em Centro de Referência em dermatologia do Sistema Único de Saúde em Porto Alegre-RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado através de revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes, no período entre julho de 2005 e julho de 2012. Resultados: Foram avaliados 85 pacientes, com média de idade de 53,7 anos. O sexo feminino predominou (64,7%), e 55,4% dos indivíduos pertenciam a outras cidades do Estado. A maior frequência de topografia foi o dorso (31,3%), e o de subtipo mais encontrado foi o espalhamento superficial (59,0%). A média de Breslow foi de 2,1mm, com mediana de 0,9 mm. Verificou-se que 47,4% apresentaram mitoses, 13,0%,ulceração e 40,3%, regressão. O histórico familiar de câncer de pele foi de 16,7%. Da presente amostra, 18% procuraram atendimento por outros motivos que não a lesão de melanoma e 79,8% negavam história pessoal de câncer cutâneo. O melanoma in situ mostrou-se associado à topografia do segmento cefálico, e as lesões invasivas relacionaram-se com dorso e membros inferiores (p<0,05). Conclusão: A análise da amostra corrobora a tendência atual para diagnósticos mais precoces, ainda que a maioria não fora in situ, ou seja, há necessidade para o contínuo estímulo ao diagnóstico precoce. Ressaltamos a importância do exame da pele como rotina na consulta (18% procuraram atendimento por outros motivos)

Introduction: Cutaneous melanoma is a major disease in terms of morbidity and mortality in Dermatology. The population of south Brazil has characteristics that make them more prone to cutaneous melanoma. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and profile of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma in the Dermatology Reference Center of the Unified Health System in Porto Alegre-RS. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on the medical records of patients from July 2005 to July 2012. Results: We evaluated 85 patients with a mean age of 53.7 years. Females predominated (64.7%), and 55.4% of the subjects were from other cities of the state. The highest frequency of topography was the back (31.3%), and the most common subtype was superficial spreading (59.0%). The Breslow's depth mean was 2.1 mm, with median0.9 mm. It was found that 47.4% had mitosis, 13.0% ulceration and 40.3% regression. Familial history of skin cancer was 16.7%. From this sample, 18% sought treatment for reasons other than melanoma injury, and 79.8% reported no personal history of skin cancer. Melanoma in situ was associated with the topography of the head, and invasive lesions were related to the back and lower limbs (p <0,05). Conclusion: The analysis of the sample confirms the current trend to earlier diagnosis, although the majority was not in situ, i.e., there is a need for continued encouragement to early diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of skin examination as a routine in the consultation (as 18% of patients sought care for other reasons)

Hailey-Hailey disease treatment with Botulinum toxin type A.

Two sisters with recurrent lesions, one on axillae and other on the groin, and with limited response to classical treatments were treated with injections botulinum toxin type A. We observed marked improvement in the patient treated in the groin and complete remission in the patient treated in the axillae. It was possible to spare the use of systemic antibiotics and topical corticosteroids. The high cost is a restrictive factor to routine use and large studies are necessary to access efficacy and cost benefit profile.

Tratamento da doença de Hailey-Hailey com toxina botulínica tipo A / Hailey-Hailey disease treatment with Botulinum toxin type A

Duas irmãs com doença de Hailey-Hailey, com lesões recorrentes - uma em axilas e outra em região inguinal -, e resposta limitada aos tratamentos clássicos. Elas foram tratadas com aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A. Observamos que houve importante melhora na paciente tratada na região inguinal e remissão completa na paciente em cujas axilas sofreram tratamento. Além disso, foi possível poupar uso de antibióticos sistêmicos e corticoides tópicos. O alto custo é um fator restritivo para uso rotineiro e estudos maiores são necessários para definir eficácia e relação custo-benefício dessa intervenção.

Two sisters with recurrent lesions, one on axillae and other on the groin, and with limited response to classical treatments were treated with injections botulinum toxin type A. We observed marked improvement in the patient treated in the groin and complete remission in the patient treated in the axillae. It was possible to spare the use of systemic antibiotics and topical corticosteroids. The high cost is a restrictive factor to routine use and large studies are necessary to access efficacy and cost benefit profile.

Preliminary evaluation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy features of Kaposi's sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual, clinically polymorphic, vascular neoplasm with genetic, infectious, environmental and immunological pathogenesis. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) made in vivo noninvasive imaging of the skin possible and has been used for the evaluation of several skin diseases offering important microscopic information. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to describe the RCM features of KS and correlate them with histopathology evaluating the effective prediction attitude and repeatability of RCM. METHODS: Twelve KS lesions underwent RCM followed by histological examination. Data obtained were statistically correlated. RESULTS: Analysis of the incidence of 11 selected microscopic criteria (by RCM and optical histology: inflammatory cells in the epidermis and in the dermis, single or in aggregates; spindle cells; stroma; anastomosing, newborn, increased number and dilated vessels; extravasated erythrocytes; deposits of hemosiderin) was performed disclosing a good correlation and high sensitivity of RCM. CONCLUSION: In our study RCM seems to provide high accuracy to predict histological findings, demonstrating its possible role in the management of patients affected by KS.