ABSTRACT
Racial socioeconomic gaps are widened in periods of economic recession. Besides social and institutional factors, black people also struggle with many psychological factors. The literature reports racial-biased complex behaviors and high-level processes that are influenced by economic scarcity. A previous study found a bias at the perceptual level: an experimental manipulation of scarcity (a subliminal priming paradigm) lowered the black-white race categorization threshold. Here we present a conceptual replication in a higher ecological setup. In our main analysis we compared the categorization threshold of participants that received the Brazilian government's emergency economic aid in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 136) and participants that did not receive the economic aid (n = 135) in an online psychophysical task that presented faces in a black-white race continuum. Additionally, we analyzed the economic impact of COVID-19 on household income, and in cases of family unemployment. Our results do not support the claim that perception of race is influenced by economic scarcity. Interestingly, we found that when people differ greatly in terms of racial prejudice, they encode visual information related to race differently. People with higher scores on a prejudice scale needed more phenotypic traits of the black race to categorize a face as black. We discuss the results in terms of differences in method and sample.
ABSTRACT
Esta rápida revisão tem como objetivo levantara literatura sobre o tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) pelas terapias cognitivas de terceira geração e, com isso, estimular o entendimento de clínicos e pacientes sobre essa abordagem recente de tratamento. Os estudos, em sua maioria, demonstram que as preocupações e ruminações são o processamento principal do TAG. É uma condição multifacetada em nível cognitivo, físico e emocional. O tratamento apresentado por essas técnicas integrativas mostrou-se relevante, tendo como consequência a diminuição dos sintomas. Já os efeitos do tratamento foram mantidos após o seu término por um período maior em comparação à TCC. Apenas a terapia do esquema e a terapia comportamental dialética não retornaram dados suficientes. As evidências fornecem, portanto, um arcabouço teórico para os clínicos utilizarem de intervenções sistematizadas quanto ao TAG, com técnicas cognitivas, meditativas e emocionais.(AU)
This brief review aims to review the literature on the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by third generation cognitive therapies and thereby stimulate the understanding of clinicians and patients about this recent approach to treatment. Studies generally showed that concerns and ruminations are GAD's main processes. It is a multifaceted condition on the cognitive, physical and emotional level. The treatment presented by these integrative techniques was relevant, with a decrease in symptoms and the treatment effects were maintained after the treatment ended for a longer period compared to CBT. Only schema therapy and dialectical behavior therapy did not show sufficient data. Therefore, the evidence provides a theoretical enough for clinicians to use systematic GAD interventions with cognitive, meditative and emotional techniques.(AU)
La presente breve revisión tiene por objetivo revisar la literatura sobre el tratamiento del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG) por terapias cognitivas de tercera generación y, con ello, estimular el entendimiento de clínicos y pacientes sobre dicho abordaje reciente del tratamiento. En su mayoría, los estudios demuestran que las preocupaciones y reflexiones son el procesamiento principal del TAG. Es una condición multifacética a nivel cognitivo, físico y emocional. El tratamiento presentado por estas técnicas integrativas se mostró relevante, y su consecuencia trajo una disminución de síntomas. Por otro lado, los efectos del tratamiento se sostuvieron luego del término del tratamiento por un periodo mayor comparado al de la TCC. La Terapia de Esquema y la Terapia Dialéctico-Conductual fueron las únicas a no ofrecer datos suficientes. Así, las evidencias proveen un marco teórico para que clínicos utilicen intervenciones sistémicas para el TAG, con técnicas cognitivas, mediáticas y emocionales.(AU)